循环 RNA 在呼吸系统癌症中的作用和机制

Nan Yang, Mengwen Jiao, Yuewen Zhang, Shaokang Mo, Ling Wang, Jianqing Liang
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摘要

环状 RNA(circRNA)是一类内源性非编码 RNA(ncRNA),它没有 5'-ended cap 和 3'-ended poly (A) tail,通过共价键形成一个封闭的环状结构。由于其特殊的结构,circRNA 对外切酶 R(RNaseR)具有抗性,使其在细胞质中的分布相当丰富。先进的高通量测序和生物信息学方法揭示了 circRNA 的高度保守性、稳定性以及疾病和组织特异性。此外,越来越多的研究证实,circRNA 作为驱动因子或抑制因子,通过调节一系列病理生理机制来调控癌症的发生和发展。因此,circRNA 已成为临床生物标志物和治疗干预靶点。本文综述了循环RNA在呼吸系统癌症发病和进展中的生物学功能和调控机制。
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Roles and mechanisms of circular RNA in respiratory system cancers
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) constitute a class of endogenous non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that lack a 5’-ended cap and 3’-ended poly (A) tail and form a closed ring structure with covalent bonds. Due to its special structure, circRNA is resistant to Exonuclease R (RNaseR), making its distribution in the cytoplasm quite rich. Advanced high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics methods have revealed that circRNA is highly conserved, stable, and disease- and tissue-specific. Furthermore, increasing research has confirmed that circRNA, as a driver or suppressor, regulates cancer onset and progression by modulating a series of pathophysiological mechanisms. As a result, circRNA has emerged as a clinical biomarker and therapeutic intervention target. This article reviews the biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of circRNA in the context of respiratory cancer onset and progression.
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