尼古拉-利瓦诺的历史收藏为了解平顶山豚鼠可能的局部灭绝和寄主关联提供了新的线索

I. Bolotov, Tatyana A. Eliseeva, Andrey V. Bespyatykh, Elsa Y. Kuznetsova, A. Kondakov
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摘要

在这封通信中,我们重新审查并说明了喀山(伏尔加地区)联邦大学爱德华-埃弗斯曼动物学博物馆和标本馆(EEZM - Edward Eversman Zoology Museum and Herbarium, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University)(前身为喀山帝国大学动物学内阁博物馆)历史上收藏的一些有趣标本,这些标本是由尼古拉-A. 利瓦诺(Nikolaj A. Livanow)和爱德华-A. 迈耶(Eduard A. Meyer)准备的。首先,四份来自奥涅加湖(俄罗斯沃洛格达州)的 Acanthobdella peledina Grube, 1851(Acanthobdellidae)标本是 N. A. Livanow 于 1902 年采集的样本的剩余部分,该样本用于编写他关于该物种形态学和解剖学的经典专著(Livanow 1906 年)。A. peledina 曾经在湖中很常见,但自 20 世纪 30 年代以来就没有记录,这可能表明该物种在当地已经灭绝。其次,E. A. Meyer 于 1891 年在喀山(俄罗斯鞑靼斯坦)采集到两件 Hirudo medicinalis Linnaeus, 1758(Hirudinidae)标本,但可能由于栖息地的丧失,该物种在喀山及其周边地区没有被再次发现。第三,V. P. Garjaew 于 1899 年在贝加尔湖的马洛莫尔海峡采集到一个 Glossiphonia grubei (Lukin & Epshtein, 1959) 的标本(Glossiphoniidae),但被误认为是 G. echinulata (Grube, 1871)。据我们所知,这是迄今为止发现的最大的 G. grubei 标本(体长 = 52.0 毫米,最大体宽 = 15.8 毫米)。采集者的现场记录显示,该物种以未指定的软体动物为食。这些数据表明,贝加尔湖特有的 Glossiphonia 与该属的其他物种一样,都与软体动物有关。最后,我们的研究结果强调,自然历史博物馆收藏着独一无二的历史标本,对这些标本的重新研究可能会为了解当地物种的灭绝和生态特征提供新的视角。
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Nikolaj Livanow’s historical collection sheds new light on potential local extinctions and host association in Hirudinea
In this correspondence, we re-examine and illustrate a few interesting specimens from the historical Hirudinea collection in the EEZM – Edward Eversman Zoology Museum and Herbarium, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University (formerly Zootomy Cabinet Museum of the Imperial Kazan University), prepared by Nikolaj A. Livanow and Eduard A. Meyer. First, four specimens of Acanthobdella peledina Grube, 1851 (Acanthobdellidae) from Lake Onega (Vologda Region, Russia) represent the remaining part of a sample collected by N. A. Livanow in 1902 and used for preparation of his classical monograph on the morphology and anatomy of this species (Livanow 1906). A. peledina was once common in the lake but it was not recorded there since the 1930s that may indicate a local extinction event. Second, two specimens of Hirudo medicinalis Linnaeus, 1758 (Hirudinidae) from Kazan (Tatarstan, Russia) were collected by E. A. Meyer in 1891, whereas this species was not rediscovered in the city and its environs, probably due to habitat loss. Third, a specimen of Glossiphonia grubei (Lukin & Epshtein, 1959) (Glossiphoniidae) was collected from the Maloe More Strait of Lake Baikal by V. P. Garjaew in 1899 and was misidentified as G. echinulata (Grube, 1871). To the best of our knowledge, it is the largest specimen of G. grubei ever discovered (body length = 52.0 mm and maximum body width = 15.8 mm). Field notes of the collector indicate that this species was sampled feeding on unspecified molluscs. This data suggest that Glossiphonia species endemic to Lake Baikal are associated with Mollusca, as do other species in this genus. Finally, our findings highlight that natural history museums house unique historical specimens, re-examination of which may provide new insights into local extinctions and ecological traits of individual species.
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