Helicobacter Pylori Infection: The Extragastric Manifestations - A Review

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)is a gram negative bacterium colonizing stomach, liver and intestine, is found to cause variety of gastrointestinal impairments. As per latest studies, H.pylori is increasingly being associated with extragastric manifestations like neurological, hematological, cardiovascular, metabolic, hepatobiliary and autoimmune also. Recent studies have found 90 percent ulcers in duodenum and 80 percent ulcers in stomach associated to H.pylori infection. This review aims to focus upon and summarize extragastric manifestations of H.pylori infection. Such manifestations caused by it are mainly related to alterations in Gut-brain axis and altered gut microbiome too. Thus, potential role of H.pylori in disorders like iron-deficiency anemia, Vitamin B-12 deficiency anemia, stroke, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, Alzheimer’s disease, anxiety, depression and other autoimmune skin and ophthalmic disorders need to be explored for better understanding and management. The microbiome gut-brain axis needs to be studied further in association with helicobacter pylori infection. Key words: iron-deficiency anemia, h.pylori gastritis, neurological manifestations, metabolic syndrome, carcinoma