三元发电厂的热力学分析

V. Kindra, I. I. Komarov, O. Zlyvko, I. A. Maksimov, M. Ostrovsky
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摘要

使用天然气的联合循环电厂是当今最高效、最环保的能源系统之一。实现高能效和低特定排放的主要原因是布雷顿-兰肯循环中供热的平均积分温度较高。在这种情况下,能量损失的主要来源是蒸汽轮机组冷凝器中的热损失和余热锅炉废气中的热损失。这项工作致力于从传统的二元循环过渡到三元循环的热力学分析,在三元循环中,除了气体和蒸汽-水循环外,还有一个使用低沸点冷却剂的附加循环。根据热力回路结构和参数的热力学优化结果,可以确定,使用 R236ea 氟利昂的有机郎肯循环来利用使用 GTE-160 燃气轮机的发电厂的低品位废气热量,可以实现 51.3% 的净电能效率,比具有类似初始参数的单回路 CCGT 机组的效率高 2.2%,比双回路 CCGT 机组的效率高 0.5%。能效水平的提高是由于增加了低压加热器,提高了蒸汽轮机部分的热效率,以及在低沸点冷却剂回路中有效利用了废气中的热量。
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Thermodynamic Analysis of a Trinary Power Plant
Combined-cycle plants operating on natural gas are today one of the most efficient and environmentally friendly energy systems. High energy efficiency and low specific emissions are achieved primarily due to the high average integral temperature of heat supply in the Brayton-Rankine cycle. In this case, the main sources of energy losses are heat losses in the condenser of a steam turbine unit and heat losses with the exhaust gases of the waste heat boiler. This work is devoted to the thermodynamic analysis of the transition from traditional binary cycles to trinary ones, in which, in addition to the gas and steam-water circuits, there is an additional circuit using a low-boiling coolant. Based on the results of the thermodynamic optimization of the structure and parameters of thermal circuits, it was established that the use of an organic Rankine cycle with R236ea freon to utilize the low-grade heat of exhaust gases of a power plant operating with a gas turbine GTE-160 allows achieving a net electrical efficiency of 51.3%, which is higher the efficiency of single-circuit CCGT units with similar initial parameters is by 2.2% and double-circuit CCGT units by 0.5%. The increased level of energy efficiency is due to an increase in the thermal efficiency of the steam turbine part due to the addition of low-pressure heaters, as well as the effective utilization of heat from exhaust gases in a circuit with a low-boiling coolant.
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