Pub Date : 2024-07-07DOI: 10.31857/s0002331024010082
A. Attetkov, P. A. Vlasov, I. K. Volkov, A. Kotovich
We stated the problem of determining the temperature field of an isotropic half-space with a film-coated surface while undergoing heat exchange with the environment. A non-steady-state heat exchange mode with time-varying heat transfer coefficient and ambient temperature is researched. We identified sufficient conditions, the fulfilment of which makes it possible to implement a self-similar heat exchange process in the analyzed system. The physical properties of the studied self-similar process are qualitatively investigated and we established its specific features. The possibility of realizing the mode of temperature control of the boundary of an isotropic half-space with a film coating is theoretically substantiated in case of non-steady-state heat exchange with the environment.
{"title":"Realizability of the Mode of Temperature Control of the Boundary of an Isotropic Half-Space with a Film Coating","authors":"A. Attetkov, P. A. Vlasov, I. K. Volkov, A. Kotovich","doi":"10.31857/s0002331024010082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s0002331024010082","url":null,"abstract":"We stated the problem of determining the temperature field of an isotropic half-space with a film-coated surface while undergoing heat exchange with the environment. A non-steady-state heat exchange mode with time-varying heat transfer coefficient and ambient temperature is researched. We identified sufficient conditions, the fulfilment of which makes it possible to implement a self-similar heat exchange process in the analyzed system. The physical properties of the studied self-similar process are qualitatively investigated and we established its specific features. The possibility of realizing the mode of temperature control of the boundary of an isotropic half-space with a film coating is theoretically substantiated in case of non-steady-state heat exchange with the environment.","PeriodicalId":437026,"journal":{"name":"Известия Российской академии наук. Энергетика","volume":" 51","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141671162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-07DOI: 10.31857/s0002331024010025
D. S. Krupenev, N. A. Belyaev, D. Boyarkin
The article deals with the issue of clustering electric power systems (EPS) into reliability zones for the formation of energy calculation models (ECM) of EPS, designed to perform calculations of adequacy indicators. The substantiation of the ECM detailing depth is based on taking into account two EPS properties: reliability, namely, on the basis of calculated estimates of the limits of applicability of deterministic and probabilistic reliability criteria, and economy, namely, on the basis of a comparison of cost estimates of measures to ensure reliability. In the first part of the article, to solve the problem, it is proposed to use a number of engineering approaches that take into account the reliability and efficiency of the EPS. The experimental studies section presents the results of applying the proposed algorithms for the formation of the ECM of the unified energy system of Siberia.
{"title":"Clustering of Electric Power Systems into Reliability Zones in Adequacy Assessment. Part 1","authors":"D. S. Krupenev, N. A. Belyaev, D. Boyarkin","doi":"10.31857/s0002331024010025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s0002331024010025","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the issue of clustering electric power systems (EPS) into reliability zones for the formation of energy calculation models (ECM) of EPS, designed to perform calculations of adequacy indicators. The substantiation of the ECM detailing depth is based on taking into account two EPS properties: reliability, namely, on the basis of calculated estimates of the limits of applicability of deterministic and probabilistic reliability criteria, and economy, namely, on the basis of a comparison of cost estimates of measures to ensure reliability. In the first part of the article, to solve the problem, it is proposed to use a number of engineering approaches that take into account the reliability and efficiency of the EPS. The experimental studies section presents the results of applying the proposed algorithms for the formation of the ECM of the unified energy system of Siberia.","PeriodicalId":437026,"journal":{"name":"Известия Российской академии наук. Энергетика","volume":" 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141671324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-07DOI: 10.31857/s0002331024010047
M. N. Nikitin
Numerical simulation of water spray evaporation in hot flue gas flow provided a dataset that was used to find correlation between evaporation efficiency and nozzle design parameters: mean droplet diameter, spray cone angle and hollowness. Fitted with linear model simulation data were extrapolated outside their original ranges to find the maximum, and corresponding efficiency vector. This vector was interpreted as a preferred direction of nozzle design optimization: provide wide hollow cones. Moreover, it was shown that positive correlation between evaporation efficiency and spray cone outer angle becomes stronger as its hollowness increases. However, it was pointed out that evaporation efficiency of narrow hollow sprays can be less than of full cone sprays in certain conditions. It was also found that droplet size when below 1 mm is almost irrelevant to spray evaporation efficiency.
{"title":"Effects of Nozzle Configuration on Efficiency of Direct-Contact Gas-Vapor Mixture Generators","authors":"M. N. Nikitin","doi":"10.31857/s0002331024010047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s0002331024010047","url":null,"abstract":"Numerical simulation of water spray evaporation in hot flue gas flow provided a dataset that was used to find correlation between evaporation efficiency and nozzle design parameters: mean droplet diameter, spray cone angle and hollowness. Fitted with linear model simulation data were extrapolated outside their original ranges to find the maximum, and corresponding efficiency vector. This vector was interpreted as a preferred direction of nozzle design optimization: provide wide hollow cones. Moreover, it was shown that positive correlation between evaporation efficiency and spray cone outer angle becomes stronger as its hollowness increases. However, it was pointed out that evaporation efficiency of narrow hollow sprays can be less than of full cone sprays in certain conditions. It was also found that droplet size when below 1 mm is almost irrelevant to spray evaporation efficiency.","PeriodicalId":437026,"journal":{"name":"Известия Российской академии наук. Энергетика","volume":" 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-07DOI: 10.31857/s0002331024010031
A. A. Safronov, A. Koroteev, A. Grigoriev, N. I. Filatov
The features of the functioning of the hydraulic system of the liquid droplet radiator are considered. The possibility of fluctuations in the flow rate of the working fluid is substantiated. The causes of the emergence and development of the corresponding instability are identified, and methods for its damping are proposed.
{"title":"Research of Oscillations Processes in the Hydraulic System of Liquid Droplet Radiator","authors":"A. A. Safronov, A. Koroteev, A. Grigoriev, N. I. Filatov","doi":"10.31857/s0002331024010031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s0002331024010031","url":null,"abstract":"The features of the functioning of the hydraulic system of the liquid droplet radiator are considered. The possibility of fluctuations in the flow rate of the working fluid is substantiated. The causes of the emergence and development of the corresponding instability are identified, and methods for its damping are proposed.","PeriodicalId":437026,"journal":{"name":"Известия Российской академии наук. Энергетика","volume":" 46","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-07DOI: 10.31857/s0002331024010061
Y. Vidin, R. V. Kazakov
The presented article is devoted to the study of the temperature field in a laminar fluid flow moving in a round pipe. In this case, it is assumed that the flow of the medium is stationary with a parabolic velocity profile and its thermal properties are constant. The paper studies an approximate analytical method for calculating the temperature distribution in a fluid flow. Relatively simple mathematical dependences are obtained for determining the first eigenfunction and the first characteristic root of the problem under consideration. The recommended expressions are highly accurate and make it possible to quickly investigate the heat transfer process in the area of the ordered regime of fluid flow in the channel, which, as a rule, is the main one.
{"title":"Heat Transfer under Laminar Flow of Liquid in a Round Pipe","authors":"Y. Vidin, R. V. Kazakov","doi":"10.31857/s0002331024010061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s0002331024010061","url":null,"abstract":"The presented article is devoted to the study of the temperature field in a laminar fluid flow moving in a round pipe. In this case, it is assumed that the flow of the medium is stationary with a parabolic velocity profile and its thermal properties are constant. The paper studies an approximate analytical method for calculating the temperature distribution in a fluid flow. Relatively simple mathematical dependences are obtained for determining the first eigenfunction and the first characteristic root of the problem under consideration. The recommended expressions are highly accurate and make it possible to quickly investigate the heat transfer process in the area of the ordered regime of fluid flow in the channel, which, as a rule, is the main one.","PeriodicalId":437026,"journal":{"name":"Известия Российской академии наук. Энергетика","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-07DOI: 10.31857/s0002331024010057
O. O. Korchagina
The paper is devoted to the analytical dependence of the temperature gradient inside a liquid inclusion in a single crystal of halite on the gradient of the external temperature field. The corresponding formula was obtained for ellipsoidal inclusions. According to this expression, the temperature gradient inside the inclusion depends on the ratio of the sides (axes) of the inclusion, the thermal conductivity coefficients of the inclusion and the medium, as well as the external temperature gradient. The results obtained by the formula were compared with the previously known results and with the results of numerical calculation of the thermal conductivity equation in a three-dimensional formulation for different values of the ratio of the inclusion axes. The best accordance of the calculation results according to the obtained dependence with the results of the numerical solution of the heat equation is shown. A good coincidence of the results of numerical and analytical calculations allows us to use the obtained analytical expression for the temperature gradient in the inclusion of an ellipsoidal shape in order to further construct the theory of thermomigration of liquid inclusions.
{"title":"Temperature Distribution Inside the Liquid Inclusion in the Field of the External Temperature Gradient","authors":"O. O. Korchagina","doi":"10.31857/s0002331024010057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s0002331024010057","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is devoted to the analytical dependence of the temperature gradient inside a liquid inclusion in a single crystal of halite on the gradient of the external temperature field. The corresponding formula was obtained for ellipsoidal inclusions. According to this expression, the temperature gradient inside the inclusion depends on the ratio of the sides (axes) of the inclusion, the thermal conductivity coefficients of the inclusion and the medium, as well as the external temperature gradient. The results obtained by the formula were compared with the previously known results and with the results of numerical calculation of the thermal conductivity equation in a three-dimensional formulation for different values of the ratio of the inclusion axes. The best accordance of the calculation results according to the obtained dependence with the results of the numerical solution of the heat equation is shown. A good coincidence of the results of numerical and analytical calculations allows us to use the obtained analytical expression for the temperature gradient in the inclusion of an ellipsoidal shape in order to further construct the theory of thermomigration of liquid inclusions.","PeriodicalId":437026,"journal":{"name":"Известия Российской академии наук. Энергетика","volume":" 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141671012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-07DOI: 10.31857/s0002331024010111
N. N. Baranov, K. Kryukov, N. S. Rodkin
An urgent scientific and practical problem of modern distributed generation is being solved, aimed at the development of universal hybrid electric power complexes based on non-traditional and renewable energy sources of various types.
{"title":"Study of the Stability of a Hybrid Electric Power Complex with Non-Traditional and Renewable Energy Sources of Various Types with a Change in Load Power","authors":"N. N. Baranov, K. Kryukov, N. S. Rodkin","doi":"10.31857/s0002331024010111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s0002331024010111","url":null,"abstract":"An urgent scientific and practical problem of modern distributed generation is being solved, aimed at the development of universal hybrid electric power complexes based on non-traditional and renewable energy sources of various types.","PeriodicalId":437026,"journal":{"name":"Известия Российской академии наук. Энергетика","volume":" 61","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141671312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-07DOI: 10.31857/s0002331024010017
S. Senderov, V. Rabchuk
The article is devoted to the analysis of the prospective potential of Russian gas exports in the context of the current scale of the implementation of strategic threats to Russia’s energy security in the future until 2035, taking into account existing and emerging external and internal challenges. The main modern factors influencing the directions of transformation of these threats, as well as the scale of their implementation are assessed. The possibilities of all energy sectors of Russia for the supply of primary energy resources to the domestic market are analyzed. It is shown that until 2035 the country’s internal needs for primary fuel and energy resources will be met with an acceptable margin. However, given the current and expected scale of the transformation of threats to energy security, there are fears that already beyond 2030 there will be a decrease in technical capabilities to ensure even the “truncated” volumes of natural gas exports due to international sanctions.
{"title":"Assessment of the Prospective Potential for the Export of Russian Gas under the Influence of Modern Challenges","authors":"S. Senderov, V. Rabchuk","doi":"10.31857/s0002331024010017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s0002331024010017","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the analysis of the prospective potential of Russian gas exports in the context of the current scale of the implementation of strategic threats to Russia’s energy security in the future until 2035, taking into account existing and emerging external and internal challenges. The main modern factors influencing the directions of transformation of these threats, as well as the scale of their implementation are assessed. The possibilities of all energy sectors of Russia for the supply of primary energy resources to the domestic market are analyzed. It is shown that until 2035 the country’s internal needs for primary fuel and energy resources will be met with an acceptable margin. However, given the current and expected scale of the transformation of threats to energy security, there are fears that already beyond 2030 there will be a decrease in technical capabilities to ensure even the “truncated” volumes of natural gas exports due to international sanctions.","PeriodicalId":437026,"journal":{"name":"Известия Российской академии наук. Энергетика","volume":" 96","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-07DOI: 10.31857/s0002331024010071
F. A. Gizatullin, O. A. Yushkova, A. V. Abrosov
The analytical determination results of the distribution law of the capacitive ignition systems ignition capacity criterion, which is a function of parameters, including, among other things, the discharge current, energy and duration of spark discharges in semiconductor plugs are presented. These parameters are of a probabilistic nature; the problem is solved based on the distribution laws of two diagnostic quantities associated with the spark discharges parameters by functional dependencies. Obtained based on probability theory methods, the distribution law of the flammability criterion makes it possible to carry out tolerance control of the ignition systems flammability using the developed algorithm.
{"title":"The Tolerance Control of Capacitive Ignition Systems Ignition Capacity with Semiconductor Spark Plugs","authors":"F. A. Gizatullin, O. A. Yushkova, A. V. Abrosov","doi":"10.31857/s0002331024010071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s0002331024010071","url":null,"abstract":"The analytical determination results of the distribution law of the capacitive ignition systems ignition capacity criterion, which is a function of parameters, including, among other things, the discharge current, energy and duration of spark discharges in semiconductor plugs are presented. These parameters are of a probabilistic nature; the problem is solved based on the distribution laws of two diagnostic quantities associated with the spark discharges parameters by functional dependencies. Obtained based on probability theory methods, the distribution law of the flammability criterion makes it possible to carry out tolerance control of the ignition systems flammability using the developed algorithm.","PeriodicalId":437026,"journal":{"name":"Известия Российской академии наук. Энергетика","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-07DOI: 10.31857/s0002331024010091
V. Kindra, I. I. Komarov, O. Zlyvko, I. A. Maksimov, M. Ostrovsky
Combined-cycle plants operating on natural gas are today one of the most efficient and environmentally friendly energy systems. High energy efficiency and low specific emissions are achieved primarily due to the high average integral temperature of heat supply in the Brayton-Rankine cycle. In this case, the main sources of energy losses are heat losses in the condenser of a steam turbine unit and heat losses with the exhaust gases of the waste heat boiler. This work is devoted to the thermodynamic analysis of the transition from traditional binary cycles to trinary ones, in which, in addition to the gas and steam-water circuits, there is an additional circuit using a low-boiling coolant. Based on the results of the thermodynamic optimization of the structure and parameters of thermal circuits, it was established that the use of an organic Rankine cycle with R236ea freon to utilize the low-grade heat of exhaust gases of a power plant operating with a gas turbine GTE-160 allows achieving a net electrical efficiency of 51.3%, which is higher the efficiency of single-circuit CCGT units with similar initial parameters is by 2.2% and double-circuit CCGT units by 0.5%. The increased level of energy efficiency is due to an increase in the thermal efficiency of the steam turbine part due to the addition of low-pressure heaters, as well as the effective utilization of heat from exhaust gases in a circuit with a low-boiling coolant.
{"title":"Thermodynamic Analysis of a Trinary Power Plant","authors":"V. Kindra, I. I. Komarov, O. Zlyvko, I. A. Maksimov, M. Ostrovsky","doi":"10.31857/s0002331024010091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s0002331024010091","url":null,"abstract":"Combined-cycle plants operating on natural gas are today one of the most efficient and environmentally friendly energy systems. High energy efficiency and low specific emissions are achieved primarily due to the high average integral temperature of heat supply in the Brayton-Rankine cycle. In this case, the main sources of energy losses are heat losses in the condenser of a steam turbine unit and heat losses with the exhaust gases of the waste heat boiler. This work is devoted to the thermodynamic analysis of the transition from traditional binary cycles to trinary ones, in which, in addition to the gas and steam-water circuits, there is an additional circuit using a low-boiling coolant. Based on the results of the thermodynamic optimization of the structure and parameters of thermal circuits, it was established that the use of an organic Rankine cycle with R236ea freon to utilize the low-grade heat of exhaust gases of a power plant operating with a gas turbine GTE-160 allows achieving a net electrical efficiency of 51.3%, which is higher the efficiency of single-circuit CCGT units with similar initial parameters is by 2.2% and double-circuit CCGT units by 0.5%. The increased level of energy efficiency is due to an increase in the thermal efficiency of the steam turbine part due to the addition of low-pressure heaters, as well as the effective utilization of heat from exhaust gases in a circuit with a low-boiling coolant.","PeriodicalId":437026,"journal":{"name":"Известия Российской академии наук. Энергетика","volume":" 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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