Impact assessment of the adaptation of modernization to the Indian agrarian society: Empirical evidence from the Haraiya Block of Azamgarh District, Uttar Pradesh

Agriculture, the mainstay of the rural economy in India, is changing due to globalization, which brings both opportunities and challenges for farmers. This study aimed to explore the degree of adaptation to modernization and challenges in rural society engaged in agricultural activities in Azamgarh District of Eastern Uttar Pradesh. A total of 300 farmers were selected randomly and surveyed across 10 villages in the Haraiya Block. Data analysis was based on Karl Pearson's correlation, Likert scale and Z‐score techniques. The findings of this study reveal that global change has a direct impact on rural society. However, in some villages, a lack of knowledge about modern equipment and the proper use of insecticides and fertilizers are major constraints that hamper the efficiency of farmers. The majority of farmers are unable to access membership in various farmer associations. Caste barriers have loosened, but due to indebtedness and economic uncertainty, family disintegration rates have dramatically increased in some areas. Farmers tend to change their occupations and migrate to other places for better opportunities. Policy recommendations include the following: The government should take the initiative to enhance farmers' local participation and grassroots‐level development by formulating farmer‐friendly policies and programmes.