T. Kingsly Immanuelraj, Balasubramanian Mohan, Arivelarasan Tamilarasu, Sant Kumar
This study attempts to quantify farmers' response to output and input prices for irrigation water use to examine the issue of sustainability in sugarcane cultivation in Maharashtra, India. We used a seemingly unrelated regression estimator (SURE) to estimate a translog profit function model. Secondary data on production costs covering the period of 1971–2021 were used. The results show that the sugarcane price affects not only production but also irrigation demand. The elasticity of irrigation demand with respect to the output price is highly responsive (i.e. 1.94), which could be the main reason for groundwater extraction. The continuous increase in the guaranteed price of sugarcane and the relatively lower cost of irrigation motivate farmers to continue sugarcane cultivation. The findings of this study justify significant policy interventions for the sustainable production of sugarcane in Maharashtra.
{"title":"Water withdrawal and sustainability concerns in sugarcane cultivation in Western India: An application of the SURE model","authors":"T. Kingsly Immanuelraj, Balasubramanian Mohan, Arivelarasan Tamilarasu, Sant Kumar","doi":"10.1002/ird.3014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.3014","url":null,"abstract":"This study attempts to quantify farmers' response to output and input prices for irrigation water use to examine the issue of sustainability in sugarcane cultivation in Maharashtra, India. We used a seemingly unrelated regression estimator (SURE) to estimate a translog profit function model. Secondary data on production costs covering the period of 1971–2021 were used. The results show that the sugarcane price affects not only production but also irrigation demand. The elasticity of irrigation demand with respect to the output price is highly responsive (i.e. 1.94), which could be the main reason for groundwater extraction. The continuous increase in the guaranteed price of sugarcane and the relatively lower cost of irrigation motivate farmers to continue sugarcane cultivation. The findings of this study justify significant policy interventions for the sustainable production of sugarcane in Maharashtra.","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141922075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bio Zimé Sounon Orou, André Adjogboto, Sissou Zakari, P. G. Tovihoudji, P. Akponikpè, M. Vanclooster
This meta‐analysis evaluated the impact of agro‐ecological practices and water management techniques on lowland rice yield and water productivity (WP). A total of 573 observations were collected from 56 articles that met specific criteria from 445 publications. Five water management practices were assessed: continuous flooding (CF), soil saturation (SS), moderate (AWDm) and severe (AWDs) alternate wetting and drying, and the aerobic rice system (ARS). The response ratios (RRs) of yield and WP were compared for crop management, soil fertility, weed control and evaporation. The integration of agro‐ecological practices such as short‐cycle rice varieties, crop rotation, organic nutrient application and mechanical weeding with water management led to similar yields across CF, SS, AWDm and AWDs, with ARS consistently yielding the lowest yields. However, medium‐ and long‐cycle varieties under AWDs experienced yield losses of 11 and 13%, respectively. Mineral fertilizer combined with AWDs resulted in a 14% lower yield than did CF. Mechanical weeding increased the rice yield and WP by 10 and 10% in SS, and only WP by 35% in AWDs, whereas chemical weeding decreased the yield by 13% in AWDs. Crop rotation enhanced yield and WP by 13 and 12%, respectively, under AWDm compared to that under CF. WP was greater under AWDs (36%) and AWDm (12%) than under CF.
{"title":"Improving rice yield and water productivity in lowland rice systems: A global meta‐analysis exploring the synergy of agro‐ecological practices and water management technologies","authors":"Bio Zimé Sounon Orou, André Adjogboto, Sissou Zakari, P. G. Tovihoudji, P. Akponikpè, M. Vanclooster","doi":"10.1002/ird.3005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.3005","url":null,"abstract":"This meta‐analysis evaluated the impact of agro‐ecological practices and water management techniques on lowland rice yield and water productivity (WP). A total of 573 observations were collected from 56 articles that met specific criteria from 445 publications. Five water management practices were assessed: continuous flooding (CF), soil saturation (SS), moderate (AWDm) and severe (AWDs) alternate wetting and drying, and the aerobic rice system (ARS). The response ratios (RRs) of yield and WP were compared for crop management, soil fertility, weed control and evaporation. The integration of agro‐ecological practices such as short‐cycle rice varieties, crop rotation, organic nutrient application and mechanical weeding with water management led to similar yields across CF, SS, AWDm and AWDs, with ARS consistently yielding the lowest yields. However, medium‐ and long‐cycle varieties under AWDs experienced yield losses of 11 and 13%, respectively. Mineral fertilizer combined with AWDs resulted in a 14% lower yield than did CF. Mechanical weeding increased the rice yield and WP by 10 and 10% in SS, and only WP by 35% in AWDs, whereas chemical weeding decreased the yield by 13% in AWDs. Crop rotation enhanced yield and WP by 13 and 12%, respectively, under AWDm compared to that under CF. WP was greater under AWDs (36%) and AWDm (12%) than under CF.","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141928596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jonathan T. Chikankheni, R. Stirzaker, Craig Strong, I. Fandika, Grivin Chipula
The area under irrigation in Malawi has increased, but productivity is still low due to farmers' lack of irrigation knowledge. This paper describes a ‘people‐centred learning’ approach aimed at improving water management in smallholder irrigation schemes. The work was conducted in Malawi, where farmers at the Bwanje, Tadala, Nanzolo and Matabwa irrigation schemes were provided with soil water sensors that showed whether the soil was wet, moist or dry using colours, making it easy for farmers to understand. Indicators related to water management and soil water status were monitored during the 2017 and 2018 irrigation seasons. The yield and gross margins were then assessed. The results show that farmers can effectively identify irrigation‐related problems and act on the information provided by the tools. The yield increased by more than 80%, and the gross margins increased by more than threefold across all the schemes. Based on the findings outlined, the use of soil water sensors enhances farmers' understanding of water management, prompting behavioural changes and measurable improvements in irrigation productivity. Furthermore, this study concludes that improving farmers' knowledge is essential for transforming smallholder irrigation schemes into profitable and sustainable investments.
{"title":"Simple soil water monitoring tools increase yield and income of smallholder farmers in Malawi: A case study of four irrigation schemes","authors":"Jonathan T. Chikankheni, R. Stirzaker, Craig Strong, I. Fandika, Grivin Chipula","doi":"10.1002/ird.3013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.3013","url":null,"abstract":"The area under irrigation in Malawi has increased, but productivity is still low due to farmers' lack of irrigation knowledge. This paper describes a ‘people‐centred learning’ approach aimed at improving water management in smallholder irrigation schemes. The work was conducted in Malawi, where farmers at the Bwanje, Tadala, Nanzolo and Matabwa irrigation schemes were provided with soil water sensors that showed whether the soil was wet, moist or dry using colours, making it easy for farmers to understand. Indicators related to water management and soil water status were monitored during the 2017 and 2018 irrigation seasons. The yield and gross margins were then assessed. The results show that farmers can effectively identify irrigation‐related problems and act on the information provided by the tools. The yield increased by more than 80%, and the gross margins increased by more than threefold across all the schemes. Based on the findings outlined, the use of soil water sensors enhances farmers' understanding of water management, prompting behavioural changes and measurable improvements in irrigation productivity. Furthermore, this study concludes that improving farmers' knowledge is essential for transforming smallholder irrigation schemes into profitable and sustainable investments.","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141808435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ben‐Aazza Said, El Housse Mohamed, Hadfi Abdallah, El Ibrahimi Brahim, Karmal Ilham, Belattar M'barek, Mustapha Nassiri, Sara Darbal, Taibah Adakhil, Yassine Riadi, Driouiche Ali
The chemical clogging of water drips is the main obstacle to the adoption and spread of microirrigation technology. The aim of this research is to understand the scaling phenomenon by identifying the substances responsible for emitter clogging using a combination of different methods of characterization and to investigate the effectiveness of a new product ‘Melacide P/2’ as a calcium carbonate scale inhibitor. A non‐electrochemical method from the Laboratory of Chemistry and Genie of the Environment (LCGE) was employed to investigate the effect of the inhibitor against calcium carbonate precipitation at 25°C. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study the effect of Melacide P/2 on the scale morphology and crystalline phases. Density functional theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations were performed to support the experimental results. Characterization techniques revealed that the scale recovered from the drips consisted mainly of calcium carbonate, a variety of calcite. The experimental data indicate the likelihood of preventing calcium carbonate precipitation after the addition of a very small amount (0.30 mg L⁻¹) of Melacide P/2 under the conditions of the experiment. XRD and SEM revealed that the inhibitor tested has the potential to disrupt or block regular CaCO3 crystal growth and transform a more stable and adherent scale of calcite to aragonite, which is easy to eliminate. The theoretical approach adopted supports the experimental findings. Therefore, Melacide P/2 could be used as a cost‐effective green‐scale inhibitor to protect microirrigation systems from unwanted scale formation.
{"title":"Understanding and controlling chemical clogging in drip irrigation: Integrating experimental methods, density functional theory calculations and molecular dynamics simulations","authors":"Ben‐Aazza Said, El Housse Mohamed, Hadfi Abdallah, El Ibrahimi Brahim, Karmal Ilham, Belattar M'barek, Mustapha Nassiri, Sara Darbal, Taibah Adakhil, Yassine Riadi, Driouiche Ali","doi":"10.1002/ird.3009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.3009","url":null,"abstract":"The chemical clogging of water drips is the main obstacle to the adoption and spread of microirrigation technology. The aim of this research is to understand the scaling phenomenon by identifying the substances responsible for emitter clogging using a combination of different methods of characterization and to investigate the effectiveness of a new product ‘Melacide P/2’ as a calcium carbonate scale inhibitor. A non‐electrochemical method from the Laboratory of Chemistry and Genie of the Environment (LCGE) was employed to investigate the effect of the inhibitor against calcium carbonate precipitation at 25°C. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study the effect of Melacide P/2 on the scale morphology and crystalline phases. Density functional theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations were performed to support the experimental results. Characterization techniques revealed that the scale recovered from the drips consisted mainly of calcium carbonate, a variety of calcite. The experimental data indicate the likelihood of preventing calcium carbonate precipitation after the addition of a very small amount (0.30 mg L⁻¹) of Melacide P/2 under the conditions of the experiment. XRD and SEM revealed that the inhibitor tested has the potential to disrupt or block regular CaCO3 crystal growth and transform a more stable and adherent scale of calcite to aragonite, which is easy to eliminate. The theoretical approach adopted supports the experimental findings. Therefore, Melacide P/2 could be used as a cost‐effective green‐scale inhibitor to protect microirrigation systems from unwanted scale formation.","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141810462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guiding environmental regulation plays a crucial role in the implementation of village‐level river chief policies, and it is important to explore how guiding environmental regulations affect the policy implementation capacity of village‐level river chiefs. This study focuses on village‐level river chiefs as the research subjects and aims to measure the intensity of environmental regulation guidance from their own perspective. By combining theoretical analysis and empirical research, we delve into the effects of guiding environmental regulations on the policy implementation capacity of village‐level river chiefs. Our findings demonstrate a significant positive impact of guiding environmental regulations on the policy implementation capacity of village‐level river chiefs. Mechanism analysis reveals that environmental cognition, technical cognition and institutional trust play mediating roles in the relationship between guiding environmental regulations and policy implementation capacity. Furthermore, heterogeneity analysis at the village level indicates that the impact of guiding environmental regulations on policy implementation capacity is more pronounced in the western region, where villages have a shorter establishment time of the river chief system and have a greater number of non‐governmental river chiefs. At the individual level, heterogeneity analysis reveals that the impact of guiding environmental regulations on policy implementation capacity is more significant among individuals in lower education groups and those serving as representatives in the people's congress. Based on our research findings, this paper proposes countermeasures and suggestions to enhance the effectiveness of guiding environmental regulations. These include formulating scientific and reasonable guiding environmental regulation requirements, providing village‐level river chiefs with enhanced governance resources, and emphasizing the mediating roles of environmental cognition, technical understanding and institutional trust. Additionally, we highlight the importance of enhancing the pertinence and universality of the specific content of guiding environmental regulations.
{"title":"How can policy advocacy be effective? The impact of guiding environmental regulations on the policy implementation capacity of village‐level river chiefs—based on the empirical test of 141 villages in 7 provinces","authors":"Zichun Pan, Yuchun Zhu","doi":"10.1002/ird.3008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.3008","url":null,"abstract":"Guiding environmental regulation plays a crucial role in the implementation of village‐level river chief policies, and it is important to explore how guiding environmental regulations affect the policy implementation capacity of village‐level river chiefs. This study focuses on village‐level river chiefs as the research subjects and aims to measure the intensity of environmental regulation guidance from their own perspective. By combining theoretical analysis and empirical research, we delve into the effects of guiding environmental regulations on the policy implementation capacity of village‐level river chiefs. Our findings demonstrate a significant positive impact of guiding environmental regulations on the policy implementation capacity of village‐level river chiefs. Mechanism analysis reveals that environmental cognition, technical cognition and institutional trust play mediating roles in the relationship between guiding environmental regulations and policy implementation capacity. Furthermore, heterogeneity analysis at the village level indicates that the impact of guiding environmental regulations on policy implementation capacity is more pronounced in the western region, where villages have a shorter establishment time of the river chief system and have a greater number of non‐governmental river chiefs. At the individual level, heterogeneity analysis reveals that the impact of guiding environmental regulations on policy implementation capacity is more significant among individuals in lower education groups and those serving as representatives in the people's congress. Based on our research findings, this paper proposes countermeasures and suggestions to enhance the effectiveness of guiding environmental regulations. These include formulating scientific and reasonable guiding environmental regulation requirements, providing village‐level river chiefs with enhanced governance resources, and emphasizing the mediating roles of environmental cognition, technical understanding and institutional trust. Additionally, we highlight the importance of enhancing the pertinence and universality of the specific content of guiding environmental regulations.","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141816581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abbas Rasool Al‐Suraifi, Reza Shirinabadi, H. Rabiefar, Mohsen Najarchi
Integrating surface and groundwater use is a crucial part of water management. When one type of water is depleted, the other follows suit because of the constant movement and interaction between them. Therefore, the primary objective of this research is to establish a method by which the water evaluation and planning system (WEAP) surface water model and the MODFLOW groundwater model can communicate with one another. This article aims to demonstrate the interdependence of groundwater and surface water. Here, we use MODFLOW to model the saturated soil region and the soil moisture method to model the unsaturated soil region. The interaction between surface water and groundwater will affect the region's water resources and how they will operate under the continuance of existing practices. The simulation of saturated and unsaturated soil zones using a connected model of surface and groundwater employing all the hydroclimatology balance components is one of the most significant accomplishments of this research. The findings show that the (Iran) Sonqor Plain's maximum aquifer recharge throughout the months of November to May during a period of 30 years (October 1991 to September 2020) ranges between 1.5 and 2.6 million m³. A lack of recharge from irrigation water infiltration occurs in some of these months in addition to rain. The highest rate of groundwater level increase in this area is 4.5 m yr⁻¹ as a result of the distribution of irrigation water provided from the dam in the north‐western region.
{"title":"Development of a coupled surface water–groundwater model for the spatiotemporal simulation of river–aquifer interactions","authors":"Abbas Rasool Al‐Suraifi, Reza Shirinabadi, H. Rabiefar, Mohsen Najarchi","doi":"10.1002/ird.3000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.3000","url":null,"abstract":"Integrating surface and groundwater use is a crucial part of water management. When one type of water is depleted, the other follows suit because of the constant movement and interaction between them. Therefore, the primary objective of this research is to establish a method by which the water evaluation and planning system (WEAP) surface water model and the MODFLOW groundwater model can communicate with one another. This article aims to demonstrate the interdependence of groundwater and surface water. Here, we use MODFLOW to model the saturated soil region and the soil moisture method to model the unsaturated soil region. The interaction between surface water and groundwater will affect the region's water resources and how they will operate under the continuance of existing practices. The simulation of saturated and unsaturated soil zones using a connected model of surface and groundwater employing all the hydroclimatology balance components is one of the most significant accomplishments of this research. The findings show that the (Iran) Sonqor Plain's maximum aquifer recharge throughout the months of November to May during a period of 30 years (October 1991 to September 2020) ranges between 1.5 and 2.6 million m³. A lack of recharge from irrigation water infiltration occurs in some of these months in addition to rain. The highest rate of groundwater level increase in this area is 4.5 m yr⁻¹ as a result of the distribution of irrigation water provided from the dam in the north‐western region.","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141817920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An orthogonal experiment with three factors and three levels was conducted to study the seepage rate and uniformity of stalk composite pipe (SCP) under subsurface SCP irrigation (SSI). Furthermore, to determine the best application mode for SSI, the pipeline length, irrigation volume and inner–outer diameter of the SCP were considered at a 0.4 m working pressure. The three levels corresponding to each factor were 20, 40 and 60 m; 30, 45 and 60 L m⁻¹; and 28–60, 40–80 and 50–100 mm, respectively. The results indicated that the seepage rate gradually decreased with increasing pipeline length. The pattern of the change in the seepage rate with irrigation volume was not obvious. There was a positive correlation between the seepage rate and the inner–outer diameter of the SCP. The irrigation uniformity coefficient, which was calculated based on the width of the surface wetting front, gradually decreased with increasing pipeline length. The impact patterns of irrigation volume and inner–outer diameter on irrigation uniformity were ambiguous. The seepage rate reached its maximum at the pipeline length, irrigation volume and inner–outer diameter, which were 20 m, 30 L m⁻¹ and 50–100 mm, respectively. There was the highest irrigation uniformity, with a pipeline length, irrigation volume and inner–outer diameter of the SCP of 20 m, 60 L m⁻¹ and 40–80 mm, respectively.
{"title":"Seepage rate and uniformity of the stalk composite pipe for subsurface irrigation","authors":"Songmei Zai, Huanyu Wei, Xuemei Liu, Feng Wu, Linbao Liu, Danting Liu, Xin Li, Weiye Liu, Zaiyu Li","doi":"10.1002/ird.3006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.3006","url":null,"abstract":"An orthogonal experiment with three factors and three levels was conducted to study the seepage rate and uniformity of stalk composite pipe (SCP) under subsurface SCP irrigation (SSI). Furthermore, to determine the best application mode for SSI, the pipeline length, irrigation volume and inner–outer diameter of the SCP were considered at a 0.4 m working pressure. The three levels corresponding to each factor were 20, 40 and 60 m; 30, 45 and 60 L m⁻¹; and 28–60, 40–80 and 50–100 mm, respectively. The results indicated that the seepage rate gradually decreased with increasing pipeline length. The pattern of the change in the seepage rate with irrigation volume was not obvious. There was a positive correlation between the seepage rate and the inner–outer diameter of the SCP. The irrigation uniformity coefficient, which was calculated based on the width of the surface wetting front, gradually decreased with increasing pipeline length. The impact patterns of irrigation volume and inner–outer diameter on irrigation uniformity were ambiguous. The seepage rate reached its maximum at the pipeline length, irrigation volume and inner–outer diameter, which were 20 m, 30 L m⁻¹ and 50–100 mm, respectively. There was the highest irrigation uniformity, with a pipeline length, irrigation volume and inner–outer diameter of the SCP of 20 m, 60 L m⁻¹ and 40–80 mm, respectively.","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141831549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transboundary aspects of agricultural water management","authors":"Ashwin B. Pandya","doi":"10.1002/ird.2998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2998","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Pakistan's arid agricultural landscape, this 4‐year (2020–2023) study on silty loam soil examined the relationships between sowing methods, irrigation practices, rice yield and water productivity. Using a randomized split block design, no tillage (NT) with alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and a furrow‐irrigated narrow bed (NB) emerged as being consistently competitive, showing potential for sustainable rice cultivation. Key findings indicate that AWD significantly enhances water productivity (11–35%) and increases yield (2–10%) compared to conventional practices. Drip‐irrigated wide beds (WBs) conserve substantial amounts of water (73%) but may compromise rice yield (4–47%). This study provides valuable insights into the dynamic outcomes and distinct performance trends of different rice varieties. The results suggest a potential maximum yield increase of 2–22% through optimized practices, and replacing rice may increase yield by 25–231%. Conversely, the selection of improper irrigation schedules and sowing methods for the given soil and crop conditions may lead to a yield reduction of up to 47% in high‐yielding rice varieties. These findings may help to establish a foundation for further research investigating informed decision making for sowing and irrigation methods. The potential scalability of the identified technologies and further in‐depth simulation strategies across diverse agroecological zones in Pakistan holds promise for widespread adoption, enhancing the sustainability of rice farming in the region.
{"title":"Enhancing the irrigation water productivity of rice farming: A study on sowing and irrigation practices in Pakistan","authors":"G. Akbar, Z. Islam, S. Khalil, Zeeshan Wali","doi":"10.1002/ird.2981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2981","url":null,"abstract":"In Pakistan's arid agricultural landscape, this 4‐year (2020–2023) study on silty loam soil examined the relationships between sowing methods, irrigation practices, rice yield and water productivity. Using a randomized split block design, no tillage (NT) with alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and a furrow‐irrigated narrow bed (NB) emerged as being consistently competitive, showing potential for sustainable rice cultivation. Key findings indicate that AWD significantly enhances water productivity (11–35%) and increases yield (2–10%) compared to conventional practices. Drip‐irrigated wide beds (WBs) conserve substantial amounts of water (73%) but may compromise rice yield (4–47%). This study provides valuable insights into the dynamic outcomes and distinct performance trends of different rice varieties. The results suggest a potential maximum yield increase of 2–22% through optimized practices, and replacing rice may increase yield by 25–231%. Conversely, the selection of improper irrigation schedules and sowing methods for the given soil and crop conditions may lead to a yield reduction of up to 47% in high‐yielding rice varieties. These findings may help to establish a foundation for further research investigating informed decision making for sowing and irrigation methods. The potential scalability of the identified technologies and further in‐depth simulation strategies across diverse agroecological zones in Pakistan holds promise for widespread adoption, enhancing the sustainability of rice farming in the region.","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141120785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sevgi Saylak, S. Irmak, Kent M. Eskridge, Ismail Dweikat
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is moderately tolerant to salt and water stress, but its production can still be significantly and adversely affected by increases in these stressors as a result of the negative impacts of climate change on agricultural soil and crop productivity. The morphological and productivity (dry head weight, dry root weight, dry shoot weight, head diameter, whole seed weight, crude protein content, crude oil content, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, eicosanoic acid, 11‐eicosenoic acid, homo‐gamma‐linolenic w6 acid, lignoceric acid and plant height) responses of modern sunflower germplasms to different levels of salt and drought stress under greenhouse and field conditions were investigated and analysed. Six germplasms were evaluated under three salt concentrations (0, 150 and 250 mM), and two germplasms were evaluated for drought response under three irrigation levels. Significant differences in the response of sunflower germplasms to water and salinity were detected. The same germplasms exhibited significant differences in response to water and salinity between the treatments, which also varied significantly between the germplasms for the same treatment. The irrigation level significantly influenced the amount of oil but not the crude protein or fatty acid composition. The results and information of this research can aid in selecting and improving sunflower productivity under adverse (i.e. saline and drought) conditions.
{"title":"Sunflower germplasms’ response to different water and salinity stress levels in greenhouse and field conditions under subsurface drip irrigation","authors":"Sevgi Saylak, S. Irmak, Kent M. Eskridge, Ismail Dweikat","doi":"10.1002/ird.2977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2977","url":null,"abstract":"Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is moderately tolerant to salt and water stress, but its production can still be significantly and adversely affected by increases in these stressors as a result of the negative impacts of climate change on agricultural soil and crop productivity. The morphological and productivity (dry head weight, dry root weight, dry shoot weight, head diameter, whole seed weight, crude protein content, crude oil content, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, eicosanoic acid, 11‐eicosenoic acid, homo‐gamma‐linolenic w6 acid, lignoceric acid and plant height) responses of modern sunflower germplasms to different levels of salt and drought stress under greenhouse and field conditions were investigated and analysed. Six germplasms were evaluated under three salt concentrations (0, 150 and 250 mM), and two germplasms were evaluated for drought response under three irrigation levels. Significant differences in the response of sunflower germplasms to water and salinity were detected. The same germplasms exhibited significant differences in response to water and salinity between the treatments, which also varied significantly between the germplasms for the same treatment. The irrigation level significantly influenced the amount of oil but not the crude protein or fatty acid composition. The results and information of this research can aid in selecting and improving sunflower productivity under adverse (i.e. saline and drought) conditions.","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141123114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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