碳点的未来前景:合成、表征和最新应用:综述(2019-2023 年)

C Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI:10.3390/c10030060
H. Etefa, A. Tessema, Francis Birhanu Dejene
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引用次数: 0

摘要

碳点(CD)因其独特的性质和广泛的应用而成为一类前景广阔的碳基纳米材料。碳点(CD)又称碳量子点(CQDs)或石墨烯量子点(GQDs),是一种纳米级碳基材料,尺寸通常小于 10 纳米。它们表现出引人入胜的光学、电子和化学特性,使其在传感、成像、催化和能量转换等广泛应用中具有吸引力。合成碳点的方法有自下而上和自上而下两种,每种方法都会影响碳点的物理化学特性。碳点的结构多种多样,包括无定形结构、晶体结构或混合结构,具体取决于合成方法和所使用的前驱体材料。碳点的化学结构多种多样,其表面带有改性氧基、聚合物基或氨基。这些结构会影响它们的光学和电子特性,如光致发光、带隙和电荷载流子迁移率,从而使它们可针对特定应用进行调整。各种表征方法,如 HRTEM、XPS 和光学分析(PL、UV),都可用于确定 CD 的结构。CD 是最先进的荧光纳米材料,具有生物相容性、低毒性、环保性、高水溶性和光稳定性等卓越品质。它们的光学特性易于调整,因此在各个领域都有广泛的应用。碳点可应用于生物成像、纳米医学、药物输送、太阳能电池、光催化、电催化和其他相关领域。碳点具有高光致发光、高碳量子产率(CQY)和优异的电荷分离等独特性能,因此在太阳能电池技术领域大有可为。
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Carbon Dots for Future Prospects: Synthesis, Characterizations and Recent Applications: A Review (2019–2023)
Carbon dots (CDs) have emerged as a promising class of carbon-based nanomaterials due to their unique properties and versatile applications. Carbon dots (CDs), also known as carbon quantum dots (CQDs) or graphene quantum dots (GQDs), are nanoscale carbon-based materials with dimensions typically less than 10 nanometers. They exhibit intriguing optical, electronic, and chemical properties, making them attractive for a wide range of applications, including sensing, imaging, catalysis, and energy conversion, among many others. Both bottom-up and top-down synthesis approaches are utilized for the synthesis of carbon dots, with each method impacting their physicochemical characteristics. Carbon dots can exhibit diverse structures, including amorphous, crystalline, or hybrid structures, depending on the synthesis method and precursor materials used. CDs have diverse chemical structures with modified oxygen, polymer-based, or amino groups on their surface. These structures influence their optical and electronic properties, such as their photoluminescence, bandgap, and charge carrier mobility, making them tunable for specific applications. Various characterization methods such as HRTEM, XPS, and optical analysis (PL, UV) are used to determine the structure of CDs. CDs are cutting-edge fluorescent nanomaterials with remarkable qualities such as biocompatibility, low toxicity, environmental friendliness, high water solubility, and photostability. They are easily adjustable in terms of their optical properties, making them highly versatile in various fields. CDs find applications in bio-imaging, nanomedicine, drug delivery, solar cells, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and other related areas. Carbon dots hold great promise in the field of solar cell technology due to their unique properties, including high photoluminescence, high carbon quantum yield (CQY), and excellent charge separation.
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