老挝人民民主共和国极度濒危的北白颊长臂猿(Nomascus leucogenys)的现有栖息地和适宜栖息地

Phansamai Phommexay, Aingorn Chaiyes, Prateep Duengkae, C. Chuaynkern, Y. Chuaynkern
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摘要

北白颊长臂猿(Nomascus leucogenys)是东南亚的原生物种,分布于老挝、越南和中国。在世界自然保护联盟红色名录中,北白颊长臂猿属于极度濒危物种。本研究旨在利用物种分布建模软件,评估和预测在当前气候条件下(2022 年)以及 2050 年和 2070 年的未来情景下,N. leucogenys 在老挝的潜在分布情况。该研究通过分析颜色模式和叫声结构确认了 N. leucogenys 的存在。雄性的脸颊不那么红,胸前有褐色斑块,除了脸颊上的浅色绒毛外,大部分毛发为黑色,带有银色缕线。雌性的脸环呈水蓝色,毛色呈乳白色,下身无深色,冠斑呈深褐色,面部毛发呈白色。在叫声方面,大叫持续时间为 14.10 毫秒,最大频率为 2.260 千赫,每声大叫有 13.00 个脉冲。独奏持续时间为 6.80 毫秒,最大频率为 1.420 千赫。二重奏持续 21.80 毫秒。气候变化极大地影响了 N. leucogenys 的潜在分布。物种分布模型(SDMs)表明,2070年最适宜的栖息地为734.2平方公里,占老挝人民民主共和国面积的0.3%。其次是 2050 年的 638.8 平方公里(0.2%)和 2022 年的 236.93 平方公里(0.1%)。这些适宜性评估受到生物多样性 18(23.5%、29.4%、38.8%)、生物多样性 2(15.5%、12.9%、12.6%)和河流(15.2%、11.9%、9.7%)的影响。研究结果确定了保护和未来监测研究的主要考虑因素,包括栖息地适宜性的三个等级:高度适宜、中度适宜和略微适宜。这些区域在2022年约为1397.3平方公里(占老挝人民民主共和国的0.6%),在2050年约为2752.8平方公里(占老挝人民民主共和国的1.2%),在2070年约为3026平方公里(占老挝人民民主共和国的1.3%)。这些发现为老挝当局制定和实施有效的白琵鹭保护行动计划提供了重要的基准信息。
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Current and suitable habitat of the Critically endangered Northern white-cheeked gibbon (Nomascus leucogenys) in Lao PDR
The northern white-cheeked gibbon (Nomascus leucogenys) is native species of Southeast Asia, found in Laos, Vietnam, and China. N. leucogenys is critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. This study aimed to evaluate and predict its potential distribution within Laos under current climate conditions (2022) and future scenarios for 2050 and 2070 using a species distribution modeling software. The study confirmed the presence of N. leucogenys by analyzing color patterns and call structures. Males have less reddish cheeks, a brownish chest patch, and mostly black fur with silver strands, except for pale cheek tufts. Females have a buff face-ring, creamy fur without dark underparts, and a dark brown crown patch with white facial hair. In terms of their calls, the duration of the great call is 14.10 ms, the maximum frequency is 2.260 kHz, and there are 13.00 pulses per great call. Solos last 6.80 ms with a maximum frequency of 1.420 kHz. Duet calls last 21.80 ms. The climate change significantly influences the potential distribution of N. leucogenys. The species distribution models (SDMs) suggest that the highest suited habitat for the 2070 scenario is 734.2 km², which is 0.3% of Laos PDR. This is followed by 2050 with 638.8 km² (0.2%), and 2022 with 236.93 km² (0.1%). These suitability assessments are affected by BIO 18 (23.5%, 29.4%, 38.8%), BIO 2 (15.5%, 12.9%, 12.6%), and river (15.2%, 11.9%, 9.7%). The results identified key considerations for conservation and future monitoring research, including three classes of habitat suitability: highly suitable, moderately suitable, and marginally suitable. These areas encompass approximately 1,397.3 km2 in 2022 (0.6% of Lao PDR), 2,752.8 km² in 2050 (1.2% of Lao PDR) and 3,026 km² in 2070 (1.3% of Lao PDR). These findings provide crucial baseline information for Laotian authorities to develop and implement an effective conservation action plan for N. leucogenys.
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