Estimation of antioxidant enzymes in hemodialysis patients

Oxidative stress in hemodialysis (HD) is a critical concern in the management of patients. HD, a life-sustaining renal replacement therapy, exposes individuals to various factors that promote the production of harmful reactive oxygen species within the body. These reactive oxygen species, including free radicals, can overwhelm the body’s antioxidant defenses, leading to oxidative stress. This study aimed to evaluate the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxides (GPx) and catalase (CAT), and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels with dyslipidemia in HD patients and compare them with control groups. The case–control study was conducted on 75 patients undergoing HD and 75 age-matched healthy controls. Oxidative stress markers include CAT, SOD, GPx, and MDA. Serum electrolytes including potassium ion (K+), phosphate (PO4), calcium (Ca+), urea, and creatinine (Cr) were measured for each group. Our results show a significant difference between patients and the control group in each of the oxidative stress markers, which are CAT, GPx, and SOD, showing a decrease that is statistically significant in patients in comparison to the controls. The level of MDA shows an increase that is statistically significant in patients in comparison to the controls. Serum electrolyte levels, which are K+, PO4, urea, and Cr, show a statistically significant increase in patients in comparison to the controls. Ca+ shows a decrease that is statistically significant in patients in comparison to the controls. From the results, we could conclude that oxidative stress plays a role in HD patients and can affect the management of end-stage renal failure patients.