Shaimaa I. M. Elsayed, R. Fouad, H. Fouad, S. Hendawy, E. Omer
Background Prunella vulgaris L. is a perennial herb belonging to the Lamiaceae family, it is used as antibacterial, antipyretic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, astringent, carminative, diuretic, febrifuge, hypotensive, stomachic, septic, tonic, vermifuge, and vulnerary properties are all seen to be alternatives to whole plants. Potassium is an important macronutrient for plants because of its ability to affect meristem development, water status, photosynthesis, long-distance assimilation of nutrients, enhancement of some enzyme functions, and regulate ionic equilibrium. Objective To investigate the effects of various potassium fertilizer applications and the quantity of additions on the growth, production, and some chemical constituents of the P. vulgaris plant. Materials and methods Prunella plants were cultivated at SEKEM Company Farm, Belbes, Sharkia, using a drip irrigation system during the two successive seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 to study the impact of application of different potassium doses (20, 40, and 60 U) and number of added portions (each dose added once or divided into two or three portions) on plant diameter, fresh and dry weight of herb (g/plant and ton/ha), and fresh and dry weight of flowering clusters at both seasons. Photosynthetic pigments in leaves (mg/g fresh leaves), total phenols (mg/g dry herb and flowering clusters), and antioxidant activity (%) in herb and flowering clusters and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentrations (%) were determined. Results and conclusion Increasing units of potassium fertilization from 20 to 60 U gave the highest plant diameter, fresh and dry weight of herb, and fresh and dry weight of flowering clusters. It also led to an intensification of total phenolics, antioxidant activity %, chlorophyll content, and N, P, and K percentages of all Prunella herbs, whether it was added at two or three portions.
{"title":"Effect of potassium fertilization on growth, yield, and some active ingredients of Prunella plant","authors":"Shaimaa I. M. Elsayed, R. Fouad, H. Fouad, S. Hendawy, E. Omer","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_9_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_9_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background Prunella vulgaris L. is a perennial herb belonging to the Lamiaceae family, it is used as antibacterial, antipyretic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, astringent, carminative, diuretic, febrifuge, hypotensive, stomachic, septic, tonic, vermifuge, and vulnerary properties are all seen to be alternatives to whole plants. Potassium is an important macronutrient for plants because of its ability to affect meristem development, water status, photosynthesis, long-distance assimilation of nutrients, enhancement of some enzyme functions, and regulate ionic equilibrium. Objective To investigate the effects of various potassium fertilizer applications and the quantity of additions on the growth, production, and some chemical constituents of the P. vulgaris plant. Materials and methods Prunella plants were cultivated at SEKEM Company Farm, Belbes, Sharkia, using a drip irrigation system during the two successive seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 to study the impact of application of different potassium doses (20, 40, and 60 U) and number of added portions (each dose added once or divided into two or three portions) on plant diameter, fresh and dry weight of herb (g/plant and ton/ha), and fresh and dry weight of flowering clusters at both seasons. Photosynthetic pigments in leaves (mg/g fresh leaves), total phenols (mg/g dry herb and flowering clusters), and antioxidant activity (%) in herb and flowering clusters and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentrations (%) were determined. Results and conclusion Increasing units of potassium fertilization from 20 to 60 U gave the highest plant diameter, fresh and dry weight of herb, and fresh and dry weight of flowering clusters. It also led to an intensification of total phenolics, antioxidant activity %, chlorophyll content, and N, P, and K percentages of all Prunella herbs, whether it was added at two or three portions.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"440 - 448"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49611699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Ibrahim, Abdelaziz M. Hussein, Mahmoud Gabr, Abdel A.F., Rasha El-Saeed
Background Although stem cells therapies provide a great deal in the treatment of several disease, they lack their normal functions after transplantation due to inflammation and oxidative stress. Melatonin has a powerful antioxidant ability and can enhance the effect of stem cells. Objectives This work aimed to investigate the melatonin’s effect on oxidative stress of differentiated adipose-mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) to dopaminergic (DAergic) cells. Material and methods The AD-MSCs cells were characterized after passage 3 by flow cytometry method and divided into four groups: (a) control group that was nontreated AD-MSCs, (b) MSCs+M group that was AD-MSCs cultured with 1 μM melatonin in expansion media for 12 days, (c) DN group that was MSCs treated with neurobasal A media for 12 days, (d) DN+M group which was MSCs cultured with 1 μM melatonin and neurobasal A media for 12 days. After 12 days, the catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were measured by using ELISA. Also, the gene expression level of MAP-2 was detected. Results and conclusion The current study proved that the isolated cells were MSCs due to high expression percentages for CD73 and CD90 and low expression percentages for CD34 and CD45. The DN+M group showed the highest expression of MAP-2 gene when compared to the other different groups (P ≤ 0.05). Moreover, there was a significant increase in CAT concentration in groups treated with melatonin than other group (P ≤ 0.05), while, there was no change in MDA level between all groups. It was concluded that melatonin has an effective antioxidative role throughout the differentiation process of AD-MSCs into DAergic neural cells
{"title":"Effect of melatonin on oxidative stress of differentiated Dopaminergic cells","authors":"H. Ibrahim, Abdelaziz M. Hussein, Mahmoud Gabr, Abdel A.F., Rasha El-Saeed","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_22_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_22_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background Although stem cells therapies provide a great deal in the treatment of several disease, they lack their normal functions after transplantation due to inflammation and oxidative stress. Melatonin has a powerful antioxidant ability and can enhance the effect of stem cells. Objectives This work aimed to investigate the melatonin’s effect on oxidative stress of differentiated adipose-mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) to dopaminergic (DAergic) cells. Material and methods The AD-MSCs cells were characterized after passage 3 by flow cytometry method and divided into four groups: (a) control group that was nontreated AD-MSCs, (b) MSCs+M group that was AD-MSCs cultured with 1 μM melatonin in expansion media for 12 days, (c) DN group that was MSCs treated with neurobasal A media for 12 days, (d) DN+M group which was MSCs cultured with 1 μM melatonin and neurobasal A media for 12 days. After 12 days, the catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were measured by using ELISA. Also, the gene expression level of MAP-2 was detected. Results and conclusion The current study proved that the isolated cells were MSCs due to high expression percentages for CD73 and CD90 and low expression percentages for CD34 and CD45. The DN+M group showed the highest expression of MAP-2 gene when compared to the other different groups (P ≤ 0.05). Moreover, there was a significant increase in CAT concentration in groups treated with melatonin than other group (P ≤ 0.05), while, there was no change in MDA level between all groups. It was concluded that melatonin has an effective antioxidative role throughout the differentiation process of AD-MSCs into DAergic neural cells","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"481 - 489"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139364454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background The huge increasing on gastrointestinal illness by spreading of resistance pathogens requires to develop alternative antimicrobial agents. Nonribosomal peptides are considered one of these alternatives which produced by wild spectrum of bacteria. Objective Detection of nonribosomal peptide synthesis from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LMG100 probiotic strain isolated from traditional lactic fermenting foods as alternative antimicrobial agent is important to human health and immune system. Materials and methods The identification of isolated strains using 16S rDNA technique was performed and followed by bioinformatics analysis tools; AntiSmash, PKS-NRPS analysis website, LSI based A-domain function predictor, NRPS predictor2, clustering using PhyML 3.0 to detect adenylation domain substrate specificity of NRP synthetases genes cluster of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LMG100. To prove the presence of the NRP synthetases genes cluster, degenerate primers protocol and three sets of primers covered the five gene cluster were designed based on the original reference strain L. plantarum WCFS1. Antibacterial activity of the isolated strain was detected against bacterial strains from coliform group of the enteric genera of Escherichia, Salmonella and Shigella which formed the ordinary gastrointestinal tract infection. Results and conclusion The isolated L. plantarum LMG100 strain showed 99.96% of identity to 16S rDNA partial gene sequence of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WCFS1 strain and bioinformatics analysis tools revealed the presence of NRPS gene cluster of five genes; two biosynthetic genes npsA and npsB from the five genes encoded for polypeptide of six amino acids, but six different predictors programs couldn’t assign the specificity of all adenylation domains except A4 serine and A5 glycine. The use of degenerate primers confirmed the presence of the NRPS in the isolated strain L. plantarum LMG100 compared to the standard strain WCFS1. Three sets of primers covering the five gene cluster were designed based on the original reference strain L. plantarum WCFS1 complete genome sequence confirmed the same organization of the putative gene cluster. In general, the approach of degenerated primers proved the presence of polypeptide NRPs gene presence in lactobacilli isolates. The new polypeptide NRP produced from the strain LMG100 showed maximum inhibition zones against G-ve short-rods bacterial strains from the coliform group of the enteric genera of Escherichia, Salmonella and Shigella which formed the ordinary gastrointestinal tract infection, and the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for G-ve bacterial strains was approximately of 125 mg.ml−1. The obtained results revealed that the selected probiotic Lactiplantibacillus strain is suitable candidate for use as bio-preservative starter or probiotic for human consumption in food and pharmaceutical industries.
{"title":"New molecule of nonribosomal peptide synthesis mechanism from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LMG100 probiotic bacteria","authors":"Amr Elmasry, Walaa Hussein, Ali Abdelmoteleb","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_46_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_46_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background The huge increasing on gastrointestinal illness by spreading of resistance pathogens requires to develop alternative antimicrobial agents. Nonribosomal peptides are considered one of these alternatives which produced by wild spectrum of bacteria. Objective Detection of nonribosomal peptide synthesis from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LMG100 probiotic strain isolated from traditional lactic fermenting foods as alternative antimicrobial agent is important to human health and immune system. Materials and methods The identification of isolated strains using 16S rDNA technique was performed and followed by bioinformatics analysis tools; AntiSmash, PKS-NRPS analysis website, LSI based A-domain function predictor, NRPS predictor2, clustering using PhyML 3.0 to detect adenylation domain substrate specificity of NRP synthetases genes cluster of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LMG100. To prove the presence of the NRP synthetases genes cluster, degenerate primers protocol and three sets of primers covered the five gene cluster were designed based on the original reference strain L. plantarum WCFS1. Antibacterial activity of the isolated strain was detected against bacterial strains from coliform group of the enteric genera of Escherichia, Salmonella and Shigella which formed the ordinary gastrointestinal tract infection. Results and conclusion The isolated L. plantarum LMG100 strain showed 99.96% of identity to 16S rDNA partial gene sequence of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WCFS1 strain and bioinformatics analysis tools revealed the presence of NRPS gene cluster of five genes; two biosynthetic genes npsA and npsB from the five genes encoded for polypeptide of six amino acids, but six different predictors programs couldn’t assign the specificity of all adenylation domains except A4 serine and A5 glycine. The use of degenerate primers confirmed the presence of the NRPS in the isolated strain L. plantarum LMG100 compared to the standard strain WCFS1. Three sets of primers covering the five gene cluster were designed based on the original reference strain L. plantarum WCFS1 complete genome sequence confirmed the same organization of the putative gene cluster. In general, the approach of degenerated primers proved the presence of polypeptide NRPs gene presence in lactobacilli isolates. The new polypeptide NRP produced from the strain LMG100 showed maximum inhibition zones against G-ve short-rods bacterial strains from the coliform group of the enteric genera of Escherichia, Salmonella and Shigella which formed the ordinary gastrointestinal tract infection, and the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for G-ve bacterial strains was approximately of 125 mg.ml−1. The obtained results revealed that the selected probiotic Lactiplantibacillus strain is suitable candidate for use as bio-preservative starter or probiotic for human consumption in food and pharmaceutical industries.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"380 - 390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139364994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Arafa, Ahmed Amer, Nancy Girgis, Reem El-Shenawy, Naiera M Helmy
Background and aim Humans have long been relying on plants for food, shelter, and most importantly for medicines. In vitro culture techniques, which ensure rapid, consistent, and uniform mass production, are indispensable for manufacturing important plant-derived metabolites. However, insufficient information is available regarding the tissue culture of Euphorbia milii and its important bioactive compounds. This study mainly aims to explore the impact of different carbon sources on callus formation, pigment accumulation, and antiviral activity of E. milii. Materials and methods Using inflorescence tissues as explants, we investigated the effects of different types and concentrations of plant growth regulators (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid [2,4-D], alone or combined with benzyl aminopurine) on callus induction frequency. Moreover, we studied the effects of different concentrations of carbon sources (glucose, fructose, and mannose) on callus growth, pigment (chlorophylls, carotenoids, and anthocyanins) accumulation, and antiviral activities. Results and conclusion The results indicated that 2,4-D alone (1.0 mg/l or 1.5 mg/l) induced callus formation most effectively. Furthermore, glucose was detected to be the more effective carbon source for the accumulation of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and anthocyanins compared with fructose and mannose. The highest accumulation of pigments was induced by 20 or 40 mg/l glucose supplements, with no significant difference between the effects of different concentrations. Unlike glucose, fructose or mannose did not enhance pigment accumulation; moreover, high concentrations had negative effects on pigment accumulation. Similarly, glucose was more suitable for the antiviral activity of E. milii extracts than fructose and mannose. The results will support the effective production of secondary metabolites and offer insights into the antiviral potency of E. milii.
{"title":"Effect of different carbon sources on callus formation, pigment accumulation, and antiviral activity in cell cultures of Euphorbia milii","authors":"N. Arafa, Ahmed Amer, Nancy Girgis, Reem El-Shenawy, Naiera M Helmy","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_19_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_19_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aim Humans have long been relying on plants for food, shelter, and most importantly for medicines. In vitro culture techniques, which ensure rapid, consistent, and uniform mass production, are indispensable for manufacturing important plant-derived metabolites. However, insufficient information is available regarding the tissue culture of Euphorbia milii and its important bioactive compounds. This study mainly aims to explore the impact of different carbon sources on callus formation, pigment accumulation, and antiviral activity of E. milii. Materials and methods Using inflorescence tissues as explants, we investigated the effects of different types and concentrations of plant growth regulators (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid [2,4-D], alone or combined with benzyl aminopurine) on callus induction frequency. Moreover, we studied the effects of different concentrations of carbon sources (glucose, fructose, and mannose) on callus growth, pigment (chlorophylls, carotenoids, and anthocyanins) accumulation, and antiviral activities. Results and conclusion The results indicated that 2,4-D alone (1.0 mg/l or 1.5 mg/l) induced callus formation most effectively. Furthermore, glucose was detected to be the more effective carbon source for the accumulation of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and anthocyanins compared with fructose and mannose. The highest accumulation of pigments was induced by 20 or 40 mg/l glucose supplements, with no significant difference between the effects of different concentrations. Unlike glucose, fructose or mannose did not enhance pigment accumulation; moreover, high concentrations had negative effects on pigment accumulation. Similarly, glucose was more suitable for the antiviral activity of E. milii extracts than fructose and mannose. The results will support the effective production of secondary metabolites and offer insights into the antiviral potency of E. milii.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"432 - 439"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42848886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamed El Gendy, Hemaia Motawe, M. Maamoun, R. El-Akad, Ahmed Afifi
Background and objectives Immunomodulation using medicinal plants is a useful alternative to classical conventional chemotherapy for several diseases, including cancer and autoimmune disorders. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory properties of Silene succulenta Forssk. extract that is a common herb growing in Egypt. Materials and methods S. succulenta was collected from Mediterranean coast region of Egypt, dried in shade, ground, and extracted using methanol. The effect of the plant extract on immune cells was tested using murine splenocytes and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) proliferation colorimetric assays. A bioassay-directed fractionation was applied to identify the most active fraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used to analyze it. The effect of the plant extract and its active fraction on human interleukin-2 (IL-2) was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Furthermore, the effect on macrophage nitric oxide production ability, macrophage viability, and HL-60-differentiated cells to neutrophil ROS production was tested. Results and conclusion Our results demonstrated that S. succulenta extract induced murine splenocytes and PBMCs proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. Through bioassay-directed fractionation, we identified hexane subfraction as the active fraction of the extract and identified 18 compounds using GC–MS with major components of palmitic acid (33.19%) and phthalic acid, di(6-methylhept-2-yl) ester (20.22%). The extract and its active fraction induced human IL-2, whereas they inhibited macrophage nitrite-production ability, and neutrophil reactive oxygen species production level. We concluded that S. succulenta possesses several immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory properties that can be utilized to treat several diseases.
{"title":"Immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of Silene succulenta Forssk","authors":"Mohamed El Gendy, Hemaia Motawe, M. Maamoun, R. El-Akad, Ahmed Afifi","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_121_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_121_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives Immunomodulation using medicinal plants is a useful alternative to classical conventional chemotherapy for several diseases, including cancer and autoimmune disorders. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory properties of Silene succulenta Forssk. extract that is a common herb growing in Egypt. Materials and methods S. succulenta was collected from Mediterranean coast region of Egypt, dried in shade, ground, and extracted using methanol. The effect of the plant extract on immune cells was tested using murine splenocytes and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) proliferation colorimetric assays. A bioassay-directed fractionation was applied to identify the most active fraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used to analyze it. The effect of the plant extract and its active fraction on human interleukin-2 (IL-2) was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Furthermore, the effect on macrophage nitric oxide production ability, macrophage viability, and HL-60-differentiated cells to neutrophil ROS production was tested. Results and conclusion Our results demonstrated that S. succulenta extract induced murine splenocytes and PBMCs proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. Through bioassay-directed fractionation, we identified hexane subfraction as the active fraction of the extract and identified 18 compounds using GC–MS with major components of palmitic acid (33.19%) and phthalic acid, di(6-methylhept-2-yl) ester (20.22%). The extract and its active fraction induced human IL-2, whereas they inhibited macrophage nitrite-production ability, and neutrophil reactive oxygen species production level. We concluded that S. succulenta possesses several immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory properties that can be utilized to treat several diseases.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"353 - 360"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139366191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gomaa Mahmoud, Samy Saber, Samah Loutfy, Walaa Salama, A. Nabeeh
Background The most common kind of liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide and has poor prognosis. Strong hepatocarcinogen diethyl nitrosamine (DENA) is a well-known substance. It is well known that DENA damages DNA repair enzymes and is typically used to cause liver cancer in experimental animal models, such as rats. Cerastes cerastes L-amino acid oxidase (Cc-LAAO) has hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and anticancer effects. Objective To assess the effectiveness of L-amino acid oxidase (LAAO) as a hepatoprotective agent in comparison to paclitaxel (PAC) as a conventional anticancer medicine in the early identification of HCC using biomarkers [alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)], various liver function tests, and oxidant and antioxidant tests. Materials and methods CCl4 (200 mg/kg b.wt.) was injected subcutaneously once a week for 3 weeks after a single IP dose of DENA (200 mg/kg b.wt.) to develop hepatocellular cancer in rats. Twenty-five adult, mature, healthy rats were used in this investigation; their average weight was 100±10 g, and they were divided into five groups, each with five rats. After the experiment, some hepatic tests, histology of the liver, a tumor biomarker, and some kidney functions were assessed for all groups. Results and conclusion ASAT, ALAT, ALP, total bilirubin, tumor markers AFP, CEA, and lipid peroxides malondialdehyde (MDA) significantly rose in serum after DENA administration in rats, whereas activating antioxidants like SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH decreased. LAAO and paclitaxel significantly ameliorated biomarkers for liver damage, lipid peroxides (MDA), antioxidants such as (SOD), (CAT), (GSH), (GPx), tumor marker (AFP), and (CEA) compared with the HCC group. Histopathology showed vacuolar hepatocytes with dispersed hepatocyte necrosis and infiltration of mononuclear cells. When used with DENA, the LAAO administration reduced negative effects and produced positive effects. These findings demonstrate that LAAO prevents liver HCC caused by DEN by preventing lipid peroxidation, hepatic cell oxidative stress, and boosting the antioxidant system.
{"title":"Therapeutic effects of the Egyptian horned viper LAAO against hepatocellular carcinoma induced in rats","authors":"Gomaa Mahmoud, Samy Saber, Samah Loutfy, Walaa Salama, A. Nabeeh","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_48_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_48_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background The most common kind of liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide and has poor prognosis. Strong hepatocarcinogen diethyl nitrosamine (DENA) is a well-known substance. It is well known that DENA damages DNA repair enzymes and is typically used to cause liver cancer in experimental animal models, such as rats. Cerastes cerastes L-amino acid oxidase (Cc-LAAO) has hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and anticancer effects. Objective To assess the effectiveness of L-amino acid oxidase (LAAO) as a hepatoprotective agent in comparison to paclitaxel (PAC) as a conventional anticancer medicine in the early identification of HCC using biomarkers [alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)], various liver function tests, and oxidant and antioxidant tests. Materials and methods CCl4 (200 mg/kg b.wt.) was injected subcutaneously once a week for 3 weeks after a single IP dose of DENA (200 mg/kg b.wt.) to develop hepatocellular cancer in rats. Twenty-five adult, mature, healthy rats were used in this investigation; their average weight was 100±10 g, and they were divided into five groups, each with five rats. After the experiment, some hepatic tests, histology of the liver, a tumor biomarker, and some kidney functions were assessed for all groups. Results and conclusion ASAT, ALAT, ALP, total bilirubin, tumor markers AFP, CEA, and lipid peroxides malondialdehyde (MDA) significantly rose in serum after DENA administration in rats, whereas activating antioxidants like SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH decreased. LAAO and paclitaxel significantly ameliorated biomarkers for liver damage, lipid peroxides (MDA), antioxidants such as (SOD), (CAT), (GSH), (GPx), tumor marker (AFP), and (CEA) compared with the HCC group. Histopathology showed vacuolar hepatocytes with dispersed hepatocyte necrosis and infiltration of mononuclear cells. When used with DENA, the LAAO administration reduced negative effects and produced positive effects. These findings demonstrate that LAAO prevents liver HCC caused by DEN by preventing lipid peroxidation, hepatic cell oxidative stress, and boosting the antioxidant system.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"391 - 402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41691340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) as an economic herb is used in traditional medicine, perfume, flavoring, and cosmetics. It is classified in the mint family (Lamiaceae) and commonly used as a landscape plant. Monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are the most common chemical components found in essential oils. Because of these compounds, it is used for antifungal, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities. Secondary metabolite compounds, that is, jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA), significantly influence secondary metabolism regulation by stimulating the accumulation of phenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids. Objective The research aimed to estimate the effect of both JA and MeJA on growth parameters, chemical composition, particularly secondary metabolism, and the composition of volatile oils of L. angustifolia Mill plants. Materials and methods In the experiment, JA concentrations of 0, 1, 5, and 10 mM and MeJA concentrations of 0, 0.25, 0.50, and 1.0 mM were used as foliar spray applications on L. angustifolia. The investigation was performed as a randomized complete block design in three replicates. The parameters collected were different growth parameters, essential oil components using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, the number of glands and secretory trichome diameter by scanning electron microscope, as well as chemical constituents. Results and conclusion The results showed that growth parameters were increased gradually with the increasing of JA and MeJA concentrations. The effects of JA and MeJA at high concentrations were more effective on all the growth parameters, biochemical components, and the number of glands and diameter of secretory trichomes than other concentrations and control plants in both seasons. JA application significantly increased chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, and N and protein content of lavender plants. MeJA gave the highest values of total sugar, free amino acids, and phenols. Therefore, the results suggested that 10 mM of JA and 1.0 mM of MeJA significantly stimulate lavender plant growth and chemical compounds and volatile oil components, especially linalool and camphor, increasing its value and raising its quality in the perfume and cosmetics industries and various chemical industry applications.
背景薰衣草（Lavandula angustifolia）是一种经济草本植物，可用于传统医药、香水、调味品和化妆品。它被归入薄荷科（Lamiaceae），通常用作景观植物。单萜和倍半萜是精油中最常见的化学成分。这些化合物具有抗真菌、抗细菌和抗氧化作用。次生代谢化合物，即茉莉酸（JA）和茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA），通过刺激酚类、黄酮类和生物碱的积累，对次生代谢的调节有显著影响。目的 本研究旨在评估 JA 和 MeJA 对 L. angustifolia Mill 植物的生长参数、化学成分（尤其是次生代谢）和挥发油成分的影响。材料和方法 在实验中，JA 的浓度为 0、1、5 和 10 毫摩尔，MeJA 的浓度为 0、0.25、0.50 和 1.0 毫摩尔，作为叶面喷洒剂喷洒在 L. angustifolia 上。研究采用随机完全区组设计，三次重复。收集的参数包括不同的生长参数、气相色谱-质谱法检测的精油成分、扫描电子显微镜检测的腺体数量和分泌毛状体直径以及化学成分。结果与结论 结果表明，随着 JA 和 MeJA 浓度的增加，生长参数逐渐增加。高浓度的 JA 和 MeJA 对所有生长参数、生化成分、腺体数量和分泌毛状体直径的影响均优于其他浓度的 JA 和 MeJA 以及两季的对照植株。施用 JA 能明显增加薰衣草植株的叶绿素 a 和 b、类胡萝卜素、氮和蛋白质含量。MeJA 提供的总糖、游离氨基酸和酚的含量最高。因此，研究结果表明，10 mM 的 JA 和 1.0 mM 的 MeJA 能显著促进薰衣草植株的生长，刺激其化学成分和挥发油成分，尤其是芳樟醇和樟脑，从而提高其在香水和化妆品行业以及各种化工行业的应用价值和质量。
{"title":"Exogenous utilization of jasmonic acid and methyl jasmonate stimulates growth and biochemical composition of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) plant","authors":"R. El-Ziat, Dina M. Soliman, Iman El-Sayed","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_23_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_23_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) as an economic herb is used in traditional medicine, perfume, flavoring, and cosmetics. It is classified in the mint family (Lamiaceae) and commonly used as a landscape plant. Monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are the most common chemical components found in essential oils. Because of these compounds, it is used for antifungal, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities. Secondary metabolite compounds, that is, jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA), significantly influence secondary metabolism regulation by stimulating the accumulation of phenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids. Objective The research aimed to estimate the effect of both JA and MeJA on growth parameters, chemical composition, particularly secondary metabolism, and the composition of volatile oils of L. angustifolia Mill plants. Materials and methods In the experiment, JA concentrations of 0, 1, 5, and 10 mM and MeJA concentrations of 0, 0.25, 0.50, and 1.0 mM were used as foliar spray applications on L. angustifolia. The investigation was performed as a randomized complete block design in three replicates. The parameters collected were different growth parameters, essential oil components using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, the number of glands and secretory trichome diameter by scanning electron microscope, as well as chemical constituents. Results and conclusion The results showed that growth parameters were increased gradually with the increasing of JA and MeJA concentrations. The effects of JA and MeJA at high concentrations were more effective on all the growth parameters, biochemical components, and the number of glands and diameter of secretory trichomes than other concentrations and control plants in both seasons. JA application significantly increased chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, and N and protein content of lavender plants. MeJA gave the highest values of total sugar, free amino acids, and phenols. Therefore, the results suggested that 10 mM of JA and 1.0 mM of MeJA significantly stimulate lavender plant growth and chemical compounds and volatile oil components, especially linalool and camphor, increasing its value and raising its quality in the perfume and cosmetics industries and various chemical industry applications.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"372 - 379"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Walaa Abd El Monsef, Awad Ragab, S. Shanab, Ghada Mahmoud, Emad Shalaby
Background Cyanobacteria are very old phylogenetic group of prokaryotic phototrophic microorganisms. With repeated quick adaptations to different environmental circumstances in different ecosystems, their presence in the biosphere from the early Precambrian and extensive diversity up to the present witness to with their amazing and continuous physiologically and environmentally important life strategies. Polysaccharides have recently attracted a lot of attention their efficiency in various biological activities, including immunomodulatory, antibacterial, anticoagulant, antimutagenic, radioprotective, anti-oxidative, and anticancer. So, this research demonstrates the role of algal polysaccharides, produced under abiotic stress condition, in some of these biological activities. Objective The aim of this study was selected Nostoc muscorum and Arthrospira platensis as cyanobacteria species for studying the effect of some abiotic stress conditions (light intensity & sulfate concentrations and aeration rate) on polysaccharide production (intracellular and extracellular). Evaluate the ability of the different algal extracts as anticoagulants and antibacterial. Materials and methods N. muscorum was cultivated on BG-110 medium and A. platensis was cultivated on Zarrouk medium. Algal species were grown and incubated in controlled photoperiod of, 16-8 l/D cycles, light intensity of 40 µE/m2 /s and temperature at 25°C±2°C with continuous aeration supplied with air (60 bubbles/min.). Cultivation of algae under abiotic stress conditions and the growth rate of both investigated species was determined by optical density and dry cell weight. Extraction of polysaccharides by different methods and determination of total hydrolysable carbohydrates. Determination of sulfate contents. Protein molecular weight determination in algal species were determined by SDS-page. Determination of bacterial activity of different algal extracts, was tested in vitro against G+ and G- bacterial strains using the filter paper disk diffusion method, The Gram-positive bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus and the gram-negative strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Also the anticoagulating activity of promising algal extracts was investigated using the method of US pharmacopeia. Results and conclusion There was positive correlation between light intensity, MgSO4 concentrations and aeration, on algal growth and polysaccharide production. Ethanol was found to be highly efficient for polysaccharide extraction. Intracellular polysaccharide content was higher than extracellularly released one in both the studied cyanobacteria species. Intracellular polysaccharides of A. platensis exhibited antibacterial activity higher than those of N. muscorum. Anticoagulation efficiency of sulfated polysaccharides in both investigated stressed cyanobacteria species was highly pronounced (>30 min). Chemically active groups showed by FT-IR of the produced polysaccharides under stressed conditions are variable d
{"title":"Anticoagulant and antibacterial activities of polysaccharides fraction from Nostoc muscorum and Arthrospira platensis cultivated under abiotic stress conditions","authors":"Walaa Abd El Monsef, Awad Ragab, S. Shanab, Ghada Mahmoud, Emad Shalaby","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_73_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_73_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background Cyanobacteria are very old phylogenetic group of prokaryotic phototrophic microorganisms. With repeated quick adaptations to different environmental circumstances in different ecosystems, their presence in the biosphere from the early Precambrian and extensive diversity up to the present witness to with their amazing and continuous physiologically and environmentally important life strategies. Polysaccharides have recently attracted a lot of attention their efficiency in various biological activities, including immunomodulatory, antibacterial, anticoagulant, antimutagenic, radioprotective, anti-oxidative, and anticancer. So, this research demonstrates the role of algal polysaccharides, produced under abiotic stress condition, in some of these biological activities. Objective The aim of this study was selected Nostoc muscorum and Arthrospira platensis as cyanobacteria species for studying the effect of some abiotic stress conditions (light intensity & sulfate concentrations and aeration rate) on polysaccharide production (intracellular and extracellular). Evaluate the ability of the different algal extracts as anticoagulants and antibacterial. Materials and methods N. muscorum was cultivated on BG-110 medium and A. platensis was cultivated on Zarrouk medium. Algal species were grown and incubated in controlled photoperiod of, 16-8 l/D cycles, light intensity of 40 µE/m2 /s and temperature at 25°C±2°C with continuous aeration supplied with air (60 bubbles/min.). Cultivation of algae under abiotic stress conditions and the growth rate of both investigated species was determined by optical density and dry cell weight. Extraction of polysaccharides by different methods and determination of total hydrolysable carbohydrates. Determination of sulfate contents. Protein molecular weight determination in algal species were determined by SDS-page. Determination of bacterial activity of different algal extracts, was tested in vitro against G+ and G- bacterial strains using the filter paper disk diffusion method, The Gram-positive bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus and the gram-negative strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Also the anticoagulating activity of promising algal extracts was investigated using the method of US pharmacopeia. Results and conclusion There was positive correlation between light intensity, MgSO4 concentrations and aeration, on algal growth and polysaccharide production. Ethanol was found to be highly efficient for polysaccharide extraction. Intracellular polysaccharide content was higher than extracellularly released one in both the studied cyanobacteria species. Intracellular polysaccharides of A. platensis exhibited antibacterial activity higher than those of N. muscorum. Anticoagulation efficiency of sulfated polysaccharides in both investigated stressed cyanobacteria species was highly pronounced (>30 min). Chemically active groups showed by FT-IR of the produced polysaccharides under stressed conditions are variable d","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"516 - 534"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43592220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. El-Shaheed, Reham F. Fahmy, N. Mahfouz, Mona Elabd, H. Sibaii, S. El-Zayat
Background Obesity causes an inflammation state that is related to co-morbidities such as hypertension and insulin resistance. Though, the underlying inflammatory events in obesity are still obscure particularly in pediatric age group. Objective To identify the initial stage of inflammation linked to this nutritional disorder. Materials and methods A case control observational study involved 45 cases of overweight/obese adolescents and 44 healthy peers of matching age and sex. Serum levels of Interleukin-10, Interleukin-18, and C − reactive protein were estimated. Leukocytes, Neutrophils, Lymphocytes counts were determined, and Neutrophil/ Lymphocyte Ratio was calculated. Results and conclusion C − reactive protein, Neutrophils, and Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio were significantly higher in overweight/ obese adolescents (P = 0.000, P = 0.015, and P = 0.034, respectively). Interleukin-10 was non-significantly lower whereas IL-18 was non-significantly higher in overweight/ obese adolescents (P = 0.334, and P = 0.427, respectively). Obesity is accompanied by a low inflammatory state that exists since childhood. Therefore, timely interventions should be adopted to preclude the deleterious consequences in grown up adults.
背景 肥胖会导致炎症状态，而炎症状态与高血压和胰岛素抵抗等并发症有关。尽管如此，肥胖症的潜在炎症事件仍不明确，尤其是在儿童群体中。目的 确定与这种营养失调有关的炎症的初始阶段。材料和方法 一项病例对照观察研究涉及 45 例超重/肥胖青少年和 44 例年龄和性别匹配的健康同龄人。对血清中白细胞介素-10、白细胞介素-18 和 C 反应蛋白的水平进行了估计。测定白细胞、中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞计数，并计算中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比率。结果和结论 超重/肥胖青少年的 C - 反应蛋白、中性粒细胞和中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值明显较高（分别为 P = 0.000、P = 0.015 和 P = 0.034）。在超重/肥胖青少年中，白细胞介素-10 明显降低，而白细胞介素-18 则明显升高（分别为 P = 0.334 和 P = 0.427）。肥胖伴随着自孩童时期就存在的低炎症状态。因此，应及时采取干预措施，以避免成年后产生有害后果。
{"title":"Evaluation of inflammatory markers in egyptian obese and nonobese adolescents","authors":"A. El-Shaheed, Reham F. Fahmy, N. Mahfouz, Mona Elabd, H. Sibaii, S. El-Zayat","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_29_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_29_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background Obesity causes an inflammation state that is related to co-morbidities such as hypertension and insulin resistance. Though, the underlying inflammatory events in obesity are still obscure particularly in pediatric age group. Objective To identify the initial stage of inflammation linked to this nutritional disorder. Materials and methods A case control observational study involved 45 cases of overweight/obese adolescents and 44 healthy peers of matching age and sex. Serum levels of Interleukin-10, Interleukin-18, and C − reactive protein were estimated. Leukocytes, Neutrophils, Lymphocytes counts were determined, and Neutrophil/ Lymphocyte Ratio was calculated. Results and conclusion C − reactive protein, Neutrophils, and Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio were significantly higher in overweight/ obese adolescents (P = 0.000, P = 0.015, and P = 0.034, respectively). Interleukin-10 was non-significantly lower whereas IL-18 was non-significantly higher in overweight/ obese adolescents (P = 0.334, and P = 0.427, respectively). Obesity is accompanied by a low inflammatory state that exists since childhood. Therefore, timely interventions should be adopted to preclude the deleterious consequences in grown up adults.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"501 - 507"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amr Mohamed, Samah El-Sayed, Shaimaa I. M. Elsayed, A. Mazher
Background Azadirachta indica trees are of great importance because of the high-quality wood they produce, which is used in a wide range of industries, and their production of insect repellent oils. Objective Due to these great benefits that have drawn attention to them, it was necessary to find environmentally friendly solutions to improve the ability of this plant species to grow in the event of exposure to conditions of water shortage. Materials and methods The plants were sprayed with Carrot extract (C) at rates of 50 and 100 ml/ l and/or Turmeric extract (T) at a rate of 20 and 40 ml/l under irrigation intervals every 4 and 8 days. Total chlorophyll content, total sugars content (mg/g F.W.), flavonoids content (mg/g F.W.), total phenols (mg/g F.W.) and total indoles (mg/100 g F.W.) were determined. Also, Peroxidase isozymes (POD) and Polyphenol oxidase isozymes (PPO) were determined. Results and conclusion The obtained results confirmed that increasing irrigation periods (8 days) had a negative effect on most vegetative traits except for all root characteristics, and also all chemical properties except the total indoles content and lipid peroxidation, it was also observed that the enzymatic activity of peroxidase isozymes (POD) and polyphenol oxidase isozymes (PPO) compared to plants that were watered every 4 days. The most of growth parameters, chemical composition and the activity of POD in plants irrigated every four days were improved with C treatment at 100 ml/l, while the activity of PPO increased with 100 ml/l C+40 ml/l T. On the other hand, all growth parameters, chemical compositions and POD in plants irrigated every 8 days were increased with 100 ml/l C +20 ml/l T except lipid peroxidation which gave the highest value in control plants, whereas PPO increased with C treatment 50 ml/l+T 40 ml/l.
背景介绍 Azadirachta indica 树因其生产的优质木材和驱虫油而具有重要意义，这些木材和驱虫油被广泛应用于各行各业。目标 由于它们的这些优点引起了人们的关注，因此有必要找到环境友好型解决方案，以提高该植物物种在缺水条件下的生长能力。材料和方法 在每隔 4 天和 8 天灌溉一次的情况下，用 50 毫升/升和 100 毫升/升的胡萝卜提取物（C）和/或 20 毫升/升和 40 毫升/升的姜黄提取物（T）喷洒植物。测定叶绿素总含量、总糖含量（毫克/克脂重）、类黄酮含量（毫克/克脂重）、总酚含量（毫克/克脂重）和总吲哚含量（毫克/100 克脂重）。此外，还测定了过氧化物酶同工酶（POD）和多酚氧化酶同工酶（PPO）。结果和结论 所获结果证实，灌溉期增加（8 天）对大多数植株性状（除所有根系特征外）以及所有化学性质（除总吲哚含量和脂质过氧化物外）都有负面影响，还观察到与每 4 天浇一次水的植株相比，过氧化物酶同工酶（POD）和多酚氧化酶同工酶（PPO）的酶活性降低。另一方面，100 毫升/升 C +20 毫升/升 T 可提高每 8 天灌溉一次的植物的所有生长参数、化学成分和 POD，但对照植物的脂质过氧化值最高，而 50 毫升/升 C +40 毫升/升 T 可提高 PPO。
{"title":"Impact of turmeric and carrot extracts on morphological, chemical composition and isozymes patterns of Azadirachta indica seedlings under water deficiency conditions","authors":"Amr Mohamed, Samah El-Sayed, Shaimaa I. M. Elsayed, A. Mazher","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_41_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_41_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background Azadirachta indica trees are of great importance because of the high-quality wood they produce, which is used in a wide range of industries, and their production of insect repellent oils. Objective Due to these great benefits that have drawn attention to them, it was necessary to find environmentally friendly solutions to improve the ability of this plant species to grow in the event of exposure to conditions of water shortage. Materials and methods The plants were sprayed with Carrot extract (C) at rates of 50 and 100 ml/ l and/or Turmeric extract (T) at a rate of 20 and 40 ml/l under irrigation intervals every 4 and 8 days. Total chlorophyll content, total sugars content (mg/g F.W.), flavonoids content (mg/g F.W.), total phenols (mg/g F.W.) and total indoles (mg/100 g F.W.) were determined. Also, Peroxidase isozymes (POD) and Polyphenol oxidase isozymes (PPO) were determined. Results and conclusion The obtained results confirmed that increasing irrigation periods (8 days) had a negative effect on most vegetative traits except for all root characteristics, and also all chemical properties except the total indoles content and lipid peroxidation, it was also observed that the enzymatic activity of peroxidase isozymes (POD) and polyphenol oxidase isozymes (PPO) compared to plants that were watered every 4 days. The most of growth parameters, chemical composition and the activity of POD in plants irrigated every four days were improved with C treatment at 100 ml/l, while the activity of PPO increased with 100 ml/l C+40 ml/l T. On the other hand, all growth parameters, chemical compositions and POD in plants irrigated every 8 days were increased with 100 ml/l C +20 ml/l T except lipid peroxidation which gave the highest value in control plants, whereas PPO increased with C treatment 50 ml/l+T 40 ml/l.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"466 - 480"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139364532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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