军医大学培训期间女性身体成分参数的动态变化

I. V. Gaivoronskii, A. Semenov, V. Krishtop
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摘要

近年来,报考军事院校的人数不断增加,但对女学员身体成分动态的全面研究却几乎没有进行过,这就决定了上述问题的重要性。本研究旨在评估 17-23 岁身体健康的女学员在军事大学学习期间身体成分组成指标的动态变化。材料和方法研究了军事大学申请者和女学员在 1-6 年学习期间身体成分组成的动态变化。研究结果根据对这些人的全面检查结果(包括 15 项身体成分指标和 5 项功能指标的评估),建立了一个数据库。结果表明,在学习的头两年,与申请人的指标相比,躯干和上肢肌肉质量的增加最为明显,分别增加了 14.9% 和 12.6%。到第四年,躯干和下肢的脂肪量才有所增加,分别增加了 11.2%和 12.8%。女孩身体成分变化的性别特点是脂肪成分的增长更为强烈,这与女性身体在向第一个发育成熟期过渡期间的生理变化相吻合。结论在高年级,肌肉质量发展、身体发育等级、基础代谢水平和功能指标的动态趋于稳定。女学员在训练期间身体成分的变化是由于体育活动的强度和性质、作息制度、日常饮食的营养成分以及内分泌状况的特殊性造成的。
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Dynamics of body composition parameters in females during their training at a military medical university
In recent years, the number of applicants to military universities has been constantly increasing, but comprehensive studies of the dynamics of the component composition of the body of female cadets have practically not been carried out, which determines the importance of the stated problems. The aim of the study was to evaluate the dynamics of changes in indicators of the component composition of the body of practically healthy female cadets aged 17–23 years during the period of study at a military university. Material and methods. The dynamics of the component composition of the body of military university applicants and female cadets during the period of their studies in 1–6 years was studied. Results. Based on the results of a comprehensive examination of the same individuals, which included an assessment of 15 indicators of body composition and 5 functional indicators, a database was formed. It has been shown that during the first two years of study, compared with the indicators of applicants, the most intense increase in muscle mass of the torso and upper extremities occurs – by 14.9% and 12.6%, respectively. An increase in fat mass in the trunk and lower extremities is observed only by the fourth year and amounts to 11.2% and 12.8%, respectively. Sexual characteristics of changes in the component composition of the body of girls are characterized by a more intense growth of the fat component, which corresponds to the physiological changes in the woman’s body during the transition to the first mature period of development. Conclusion. In senior years of study, there is a stabilization of the dynamics of muscle mass development, physical development rating, level of basal metabolism and functional indicators. The identified changes in the component composition of the body during the training period of female cadets are due to the peculiarities of the intensity and nature of physical activity, the work and rest regime and the nutrient composition of the daily diet, as well as endocrine status.
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