Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology最新文献

{"title":"The effect of microgravity on mast cells as a multifunctional element of the immune system","authors":"A. A. Zhukov, N. Alexeeva, D. A. Sokolov, A. Kvaratskheliya, A. K. Nagovitsin","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-2-93-99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-2-93-99","url":null,"abstract":"The presented literature review is devoted to the problem of the influence of one of the space flight factors – microgravity on various elements of the immune system, in particular, mast cells (MCs). MCs are one of the parts of innate immunity. They are located in tissues almost everywhere, mainly in close proximity to blood vessels and nerves. Their numbers predominate in organs and tissues located on the border with the external environment. MCs are among the first to interact with invading pathogens. Activation of MCs leads to the release of a wide range of biologically active substances, such as heparin, histamine, chymase, tryptase, leukotrienes LTB4, LTD4, PDG2 and PAF, cytokines IL-10, IL-8, IL-5, IL-3, IL-1 , GM-CSF, TGF-β, VEGF and tumor necrosis factor TNF-α. MCs contribute to the development of allergies, cardiovascular and oncological pathologies, diseases of the respiratory system, and gastrointestinal tract. Numerous factors of spaceflight, such as microgravity, have a negative impact on the immune system. This effect affects the entire development process of immune cells (macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, T and B lymphocytes, dendritic cells and NK cells), including their proliferation, differentiation, activation, and metabolism. Data is provided that the effect of microgravity on MCs manifests in increased apoptosis, decreased proliferation, as well as disruption of degranulation and secretion of cytokines. Morphofunctional changes in immune cells, including MCs, under microgravity conditions correlate with changes that occur in other mammalian cells and include the induction of apoptosis, changes in the cytoskeleton, disturbances in signaling pathways, cell differentiation, growth, proliferation, migration and adhesion.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141674122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fundamentals, biological, medical and social aspects of assisted reproductive technologies: history of creation, current state, prospects","authors":"N. Shevlyuk","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-2-100-109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-2-100-109","url":null,"abstract":"The achievements of biology and medicine in recent decades include the creation of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). The main methods of ART are: cryopreservation of male and female germ cells, thawing of gametes, artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), donation of oocytes and sperm, cultivation of embryos after in vitro fertilization, cryopreservation of embryos, thawing of embryos, preimplantation genetic diagnostics, embryo selection, embryo transfer into the uterus or fallopian tubes, surrogacy. The development of the fundamental principles of ART has a long history. The idea of the possibility of artificial insemination was put forward in the 17th century by A. Leeuwenhoek. Successful transplantations of embryos from the body of one animal to the body of another with the birth of cubs were carried out in the 19th century. In the mid-twentieth century, the results of the development of ART methods received technological significance, and from the middle of the 20th century, ART methods moved into animal husbandry practice. ART entered medical practice in the last quarter of the twentieth century. An outstanding contribution to the introduction of ART in medicine was made by English scientists – veterinarian and physiologist Robert Geoffrey Edwards (1925–2013), who optimized the IVF method for medicine, and obstetrician-gynecologist Patrick Christopher Steptoe (1913–1988), who developed laparoscopic methods for obtaining human eggs. As a result of their activities, in 1978, the first child was born, conceived as a result of IVF and subsequent implantation into the uterus. To date, over 12 million children have been born worldwide using IVF. For example, the number of births after overcoming infertility with the help of ART was 36,008 in Russia in 2019, which is 2,4% of the total number of births in the country. Along with medical aspects, the introduction of ART into medical practice required the adoption of a number of new laws regulating this type of medical activity. Despite the successes achieved, society continues to have an ambiguous attitude towards the introduction of ART into medical practice.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":" 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141675789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Child's Anatomy” – a new discipline in the structure of the basic professional educational program of higher education of the degree in “Pediatrics”","authors":"S. E. Shemyakov, E. V. Mikhailova, Ya. B. Vladimirova, O. Kosilo, M-F. F. Alekseeva, K. A. Vasyanina, N. B. Stranzha, A. A. Arutyunyan","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-2-110-115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-2-110-115","url":null,"abstract":"For the first time among the higher medical educational institutions of the Russian Federation, the Department of Human Anatomy together with the dean's office of the pediatric faculty of N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University introduced the discipline “Child’s Anatomy” into the mandatory part of the curriculum. Teaching this discipline implements one of the main objectives of the state educational standard for the specialty “Pediatrics” – to form in students of the pediatric faculty a solid knowledge of the anatomical and physiological, age and gender characteristics of the development and structure of the child's body. The discipline “Child’s Anatomy” is studied during the fourth semester of the second year, i.e. after intermediate certification in the discipline “Human Anatomy”. Such a sequence of studying disciplines, in our opinion, ensures the optimal assimilation of knowledge on age anatomy by students. Students perceive the structural features of the child's body much better, already having a relatively holistic view of human anatomy.  ","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":" 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141675366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometric features of the heart and its major vessels in adults according to computed tomography data","authors":"A. A. Pasyuk, N. Trushel'","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-2-32-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-2-32-38","url":null,"abstract":"Establishing gender, age and constitutional features of the structure of the human heart and the vessels extending from it is necessary for an adequate assessment of the results of instrumental studies of the cardiovascular system, as well as for the development of prophylactic measures aimed at preventing heart diseases. The aim of the study was to establish the morphometric features of the heart and initial segments of the aorta and pulmonary trunk in people of different sex, age and body type. Material and methods. Retrospectively, using computed tomography, morphometric features of the heart, valves, and initial segments of the aorta and pulmonary trunk were studied in 80 patients (46 women and 34 men). Non-parametric methods of descriptive statistics were applied. To establish the significance of differences, the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests were used. Correlational relationships between the features were calculated using the Spearman's rank correlation method. Results. The study found that the linear dimensions of the heart and the areas of the semilunar cusps of the aortic valve and pulmonary trunk in men are statistically significantly larger than in women. With age, the vertical size of the heart decreases, and the angle of inclination of the pulmonary trunk in the sagittal plane increases. The anteroposterior dimension of the heart, the length of the aortic ring, and the area of the posterior semilunar cusp increase in individuals from the early mature period to the elderly period. Hypersthenics have a significantly larger angle of inclination of the pulmonary trunk in the sagittal plane and anteroposterior and transverse dimensions of the heart compared to normo- and hyposthenics. Hyposthenics have a larger vertical dimension of the heart compared to normo- and hypersthenics. Conclusion. A database has been created containing information on the morphometric parameters of the heart, the area of the semilunar cusps of the aortic and pulmonary trunk valves, and the features of the topography of the aorta and pulmonary trunk in people of different sexes, ages, and body types.  ","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":" 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141679116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contemporary data on the structural and functional organization of the insular lobe of cerebral hemispheres","authors":"N. Alexeeva, S. Klochkova, D. A. Sokolov, D. Nikityuk","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-2-79-92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-2-79-92","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents an analysis of contemporary literature data on the structural and functional organization of the insular lobe of cerebral hemispheres. In adults, the insular lobe is located deep in the lateral sulcus under the frontoparietal and temporal opercula and is divided by the central sulcus of insula into two lobes – anterior and posterior. The relief of the sulci and gyri of the insula has individual variability. The insula receives blood supply from the M2 segment of the middle cerebral artery. The description of the cytoarchitectonics of the insular cortex according to different authors has significant differences. It is believed that the insular cortex is a transitional area from the paleocortex to the neocortex. In the domestic literature, two main cytoarchitectonic fields are described – 13, corresponding to the posterior parts of the insula and 14, occupying the anterior central gyrus of the insula, its short gyri, as well as a number of subregions. In foreign literature, seven cytoarchitectonic zones are distinguished: Ia1, Ig3, Id2, Id3, Id4, Id5, Id6. The insular lobe receives afferent projections from the thalamic nuclei and a number of parts of the cerebral cortex responsible for the perception of sensory stimuli. There are connections with the amygdala and some structures of the limbic system, the associative cortex. Efferent projections of the insular cortex diverge both to the structures of the brainstem and to the subcortical formations: the lateral hypothalamus, amygdala, pontine nuclei, bed nuclei of the stria terminalis, the nucleus of the solitary tract and a number of other formations associated with the control of autonomic functions. In functional terms, four sections are distinguished in the insula: sensorimotor, socioemotional, cognitive, chemosensory. The sensorimotor department ensures a number of visceral reactions, which indicates its participation in the regulation of the autonomic functions of the body. It ensures the perception of somatically sensitive impulses from the face and upper limbs. The role of the insula in thermo- and nociception is described. It is known about the participation of the insular cortex in functioning of the auditory analyzer, processing of taste sensations, vestibular signals, and olfaction. It is believed that the anterior-ventral part of the insula plays a key role in the formation of emotions and subjective sensations, as well as in making decisions associated with risk. The anterior-dorsal department is responsible for the integration of sensory stimuli from the external environment with internal data on the state of the body and the emotional state in order to coordinate the work of brain networks and initiate switching between the network of the passive mode of brain operation and the network of operational problem solving.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":" 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141677599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunohistochemical analysis of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression in the myocardium of rats in the early postnatal period on preterm birth modeling","authors":"V. Ivanova, O. N. Serebryakova, I. Milto","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-2-24-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-2-24-31","url":null,"abstract":"Preterm birth shortens the duration of the prenatal period of development of the fetus and disrupts the natural morphogenesis of fetal organs. The study of tissue and cellular reactions in the myocardium of preterm born children is impossible due to the invasiveness of the procedure, therefore experimental studies are in demand. The aim of the study was to carry-out immunohistochemical analysis of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in the left ventricle myocardium of preterm rats from the 1st to the 14th day of the postnatal period. Material and methods. The objects of the study were the hearts of full-term (n=15) and preterm (n=15) male Wistar rats. Hearts were fixed in buffered (pH 7.4) 10% formalin solution. The material was embedded in paraffin. MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were detected on sections using the immunohistochemical indirect peroxidase method with antibodies. The intensity of the immunohistochemical reaction was assessed semi-quantitatively (in points). The obtained data were processed using nonparametric statistics methods. Results. No differences were found in the localization of MMP-9- and TIMP-1-positive staining in the myocardium of preterm and full-term animals. In preterm rats on the 7th day of the postnatal period, the intensity of staining for both MMP-9 and TIMP-1 was reduced. On the 14th day of the postnatal period in the myocardium of preterm rats an increase in the intensity of the immunohistochemical reaction to MMP-9 was observed against the background of a low-intensity reaction to TIMP-1. Conclusion. The results of the study indicate a possible increase in the effects of MMP-9 in the myocardium of preterm animals on the 14th day of the postnatal period. Imbalance of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 may contribute to left ventricular myocardial remodeling in preterm animals.  ","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141677089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphofunctional changes in cerebral motor cortex in experimental type I diabetes mellitus","authors":"A. V. Smirnov, I. Tyurenkov, A. I. Bisinbekova, D. A. Bakulin","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-2-46-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-2-46-53","url":null,"abstract":"The aim was to study morphofunctional changes in neurons in the motor cortex of rats with experimental type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) and its pharmacological correction with mefargine, aminolone and succicard. Material and methods. Modeling of diabetes mellitus was performed on white mongrel female laboratory rats at the age of 12 months. The animals were divided into 5 groups: I – group of intact animals; II-1 – group of pharmacological correction with succicard, II-2 – correction with aminalon, II-3 – correction with mefargine and III – group of DM without treatment. DM was modeled by a single intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin dissolved in citrate buffer (0.1 M, pH 4.5) (Sigma, USA) at a dose of 60 mg/kg after 48 hours of food deprivation. Treatment was started 6 months after the DM simulation. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out using descriptive and analytical statistics using Prism 6 software (GraphPad Software Inc., USA). Results. Histological examination of the motor cortex of intact rats (group I) revealed hyperchromic neurons in all the cortical layers. In group III, pronounced hyperchromatosis was observed in layers 2, 3, 5, in comparison with group I, a decrease in the area of pericaryons was revealed by 17.2% (p<0.001), the area of nuclei was less by 26% (p<0.001), there was a decrease in nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio (NCR) by 18% (p<0.001). The animals treated with succicard (II-1) showed the least pronounced neurodegenerative changes in comparison with groups I, II-2 (aminalon) and II-3 (mefargine). In group II-1, there was an increase in the area of pericaryons by 26% (p<0.001), the area of nuclei by 39.7% (p<0.001), and the NCR by 23% (p<0.001) compared with the group without treatment (I-1). Conclusion. Morphometric examination of the inner pyramidal layer of the motor cortex of the studied groups revealed the most pronounced pathomorphological changes in diabetic rats without treatment, which were expressed in a tendency to increase the content of damaged neurons, in a statistically significant decrease in the area of pericaryons and nuclei. The most pronounced neuroprotective effect was observed with the use of succicard.  ","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141679413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regeneration of muscle tissue of the external anal sphincter in experimental androgen deficiency","authors":"A. S. Pronina, G. N. Suvorova, S. Bovtunova","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-2-39-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-2-39-45","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to estimate the dynamics of reactive changes and regeneration processes of the muscle tissue of the external anal sphincter in rats under conditions of physiological norm and with androgenic insufficiency. Material and methods. The study was carried out on 40 mature laboratory male rats, which were divided into 3 groups: 1 – intact control group; 2 – control group, with damage to the external anal sphincter in animals with physiological testosterone levels and 3 – experimental, with simulated postnatal hypogonadism and damage to the sphincter. To assess reparative regeneration, material after damage was taken on days 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 and 30. Histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, as well as IHC-staining using monoclonal antibodies to the cell proliferation marker ki-67. Ultramicroscopic preparations were obtained according to standard preparation protocols. Digital data obtained during the morphological study were subjected to statistical processing. Results. Morphological changes that occur in muscle tissue against the background of androgen deficiency are more pronounced than with physiological testosterone levels. This manifests itself in more intense interstitial edema, prolongation of muscle fibers destruction and processes of post-traumatic inflammation. As a result, in the experimental group the formation of new muscle fibers slows down, and the wound space is filled with scar connective tissue, the volume of which is 10% greater than with physiological testosterone levels. Conclusion. Against the background of androgen deficiency, the mechanisms of reparative regeneration of the muscle tissue of the external anal sphincter are not violated, however, hypogonadism is a factor that enhances inflammatory processes and inhibits the process of muscle tissue recovery.  ","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141678547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histomorphometrical features of the ankle synovium in diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy complicated by chronic osteomyelitis","authors":"T. A. Stupina, I. N. Mezentsev","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-2-63-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-2-63-70","url":null,"abstract":"The role of the synovium in the pathogenesis of the Charcot foot is not properly studied; there is no information on its histomorphometric features. The aim of the study was to investigate the histomorphometric features of the synovial membrane in patients with diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy complicated by chronic osteomyelitis. Material and methods. Osteochondral fragments and fragments of the articular capsule of the ankle joint obtained from 35 patients were examined. Group 1 included patients with diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy accompanied by chronic osteomyelitis in the acute stage (n=26). Group 2 included patients suffering from diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy with chronic osteomyelitis in remission (n=9). The control group included individuals who did not suffer from diabetes mellitus and diseases of the musculoskeletal system (n = 7); the synovial membrane obtained during their autopsy was used for comparison. Histomorphometry was performed on paraffin and semi-thin sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin, as well as Masson trichrome stain, using an AxioScope.A1 microscope and Zenblue software (Carl Zeiss MicroImaging GmbH, Germany). Results. In patients of group 1, high-grade synovitis and hyperplasia of the integumentary layer were registered. In patients of group 2, mild synovitis and fibrosis of the integumentary layer were noted. In both groups, histological signs of microcirculation disorders were revealed. In the 1st group, there was an increase in the thickness of the covering layer by 1.5 times compared to the control; in the 2nd group, the values of this parameter were 1.7 times lower compared to the control parameters. In both groups, an increase in the numerical density of microvasculature vessels was recorded, being the most pronounced in patients of Group 1. Conclusion. A histomorphometric study of the synovial membrane of the ankle joints in patients with diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy allowed identifying a number of features of its restructuring in the form of reactive and degenerative-inflammatory changes at different inflammatory stages of chronic osteomyelitis.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":" 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141679494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the effect of oxytocin on structural and functional changes of the myocardium in experimental heart failure","authors":"A. D. Starchenko, Yulia V. Liskova, A. A. Stadnikov, A. A. Myasnikova","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-2-54-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-2-54-62","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of oxytocin on the structural and functional reorganization of the myocardium in experimental heart failure (EHF) Material and methods. Heart failure was modeled on mature rats of both sexes of the Wistar line (n=36). From the 7th day of the experiment, oxytocin was administered to animals with EHF at a dose of 0.5 U / kg of body weight daily intramuscularly for a week. The obtained material (heart, left ventricular (LV) myocardium) was studied by light microscopy, morphometry, and immunohistochemistry (expression of caspase-3, bcl-2, ki-67 proteins). Results. A comprehensive analysis of histological preparations showed that in heart failure, pathological changes occur in all structures of the LV myocardium (in cardiomyocytes (CMC), vessels of the microvasculature, connective tissue stroma). Against the background of the introduction of oxytocin, there is an increase in the volume density (VD) of cardiac myocytes, capillaries and a decrease in the VD of stromal components. Oxytocin inhibition of the proapoptotic dominant and activation of reparative processes in the myocardium were established: there was a decrease in the number of caspase-3-positive cardiac myocytes and an increase in CMC expressing bcl-2 and ki-67 in animals of both sexes with EHF. Under the influence of oxytocin, a more significant activation of regenerative and antiapoptotic potential was revealed in the group of females with EHF. Conclusion. The totality of the data obtained as a result of the study indicates the cardioprotective effect of oxytocin on myocardial structures in heart failure, characterized by stimulation of vasculogenesis, inhibition of fibrosis and apoptosis, and activation of cellular adaptive myocardial remodeling pathways. The biological effect of oxytocin on the myocardium is characterized by gender-specific features of the realization of its effects, which gives a new understanding of the role of the oxytocinergic system in the heart.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":" 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141678010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}