COVID-19 大流行期间的虐待儿童问题:对儿童和青少年心理健康的影响

Hannah McDowell, Sophie Barriault, T. Afifi, Elisa Romano, Nicole Racine
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摘要

在全球社会应对与 COVID-19 大流行相关的众多挑战时,出现了一个令人担忧的问题--虐待儿童现象可能会增加,而这是导致儿童和青少年心理健康困难的一个有害风险因素。这篇叙述性综述旨在让人们全面了解与大流行病相关的诸多变化和挑战是如何影响全球儿童虐待事件的发生,进而影响儿童和青少年的心理健康的。首先,我们介绍了在 COVID-19 大流行之前和期间,儿童虐待对儿童和青少年心理健康影响的确凿证据。接下来,我们研究了有关大流行期间儿童虐待发生率的现有文献、对相互矛盾的研究结果的解释以及影响虐待发生率的关键机制。利用儿童虐待及其对儿童心理健康下游影响的启发式模型,我们讨论了虐待的风险和保护因素,以及虐待影响儿童和青少年心理健康的机制。最后,根据积累的证据,我们提出了推进儿童虐待研究的重要建议,强调了在人群层面对虐待暴露进行常规监测的必要性,并讨论了对儿童保护领域的影响。本综合综述旨在帮助人们了解 COVID-19 大流行与虐待儿童问题交织在一起所带来的挑战,从而为儿童福利领域的有效干预措施提供依据。
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Child maltreatment during the COVID-19 pandemic: implications for child and adolescent mental health
As societies worldwide addressed the numerous challenges associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, a troubling concern emerged—the possible rise of child maltreatment, which is a pernicious risk factor for child and adolescent mental health difficulties. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how the many changes and challenges associated with the pandemic influenced worldwide occurrences of child maltreatment and, subsequently, the mental health of children and adolescents. First, we present the well-established evidence regarding the impact of child maltreatment on the mental health of children and adolescents both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Next, we examine the existing literature on the prevalence of child maltreatment during the pandemic, explanations for conflicting findings, and key mechanisms influencing the prevalence of maltreatment. Using a heuristic model of child maltreatment and its downstream influence on child mental health, we discuss risk and protective factors for maltreatment as well as mechanisms by which maltreatment operates to influence child and adolescent mental health. Finally, based on the accumulated evidence, we provide important recommendations for advancing research on child maltreatment, emphasizing the necessity for routine monitoring of maltreatment exposure at a population level, and discussing the implications for the field of child protection. This comprehensive review aims to contribute to the understanding of the challenges arising from the intersection of the COVID-19 pandemic and child maltreatment, with the goal of informing effective interventions in the domain of child welfare.
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