Investigation of three-dimensional wake width for offshore wind turbines under complex environmental conditions by large eddy simulation

The wake of wind turbines is a main concern for offshore wind farms, in which the wake width is a key index and needs to be accurately predicted. However, the existing wake width models have shortcomings in predicting the wake of wind turbines in different offshore environments. In view of this, large eddy simulation (LES) is adopted to simulate offshore wind turbines under various environmental conditions. The analyses show that there are evident differences in wake widths between horizontal and vertical directions. The variations of turbulence intensity and wind speed in the environment have significant effects on the wake width. By fitting the simulation results, a three-dimensional (3-D) wake width model is proposed to predict the wake widths in horizontal and vertical directions, which considers the effects of lateral and vertical turbulence intensities on the wake width in different directions, and uses the thrust coefficient to reflect the effect of wind speed. The proposed 3-D model is then compared with existing models through test cases, indicating that it is more accurate in predicting wake widths in horizontal and vertical directions under different environmental conditions, meanwhile shows good applicability in complex offshore environments.