Peri-implant buccal soft tissue dehiscences: A narrative review on current knowledge and management

Peri-implant buccal soft tissue dehiscences (BSTD) not only impact the aesthetic appearance of the implant- restorations but also pose a threat to the long-term survival of the implants. This comprehensive narrative review aims to provide a concise overview of the epidemiology, classification, risk indicators, current surgical and prosthetic therapeutic approaches of peri‑implant BSTD. Although BSTD is a common finding, the different study design, case definitions and follow-up periods difficult the estimation of a representative prevalence. Implants placed too buccal and thin peri‑implant phenotype are viewed as the major factors associated with the occurrences of BSTD. The most reported and scientifically-supported surgical technique is coronally advanced flap plus connective tissue graft, although other surgical techniques have been evaluated in the long-term. Further randomized clinical trials are needed to assess the efficacy of each surgical technique in the management of BSTD.