Carmen Ruiz-Rodríguez , José A. Blanco-Aguiar , Javier Fernández-López , Pelayo Acevedo , Vidal Montoro , Sonia Illanas , Alfonso Peralbo-Moreno , Cesar Herraiz , Joaquín Vicente
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Subsequently, we aim to employ this framework to depict specific WLI based on different epidemiological scenarios determined by the abundance of wild boar (<em>Sus scrofa</em>) and domestic ungulates as an illustrative case, specifically focusing on mainland Spain.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>To establish a methodological framework, we merged data from both wild and domestic sources into a hexagonal grid. We utilized data on wild boar hunting and the locations of pig, cattle, sheep, and goat farms in mainland Spain. New variables were derived from this combined dataset to illustrate the overlapping abundance between wild boar and domestic species. Finally, a cluster analysis of the generated variables was carried out, with the aim of distinguishing and characterizing various scenarios of the wild boar-domestic ungulate interface in mainland Spain.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The hexagonal grid proved appropriate to represent and evaluate the WLI at fine spatial resolution over such broad extent. Despite the inability to ascribe a dominant livestock type and production system to a specific region, we were able to identify fifteen main areas of interest in terms of overlap. As for extensive livestock, normally at the highest risk of interaction with wild boar, the primary regions in Spain were those with <em>dehesa</em> agroecosystem and the Atlantic areas. Certain scenarios were particularly relevant in terms of risk for interaction and subsequent transmission of disease, namely, the case of extensive pig production in south western Spain (<em>dehesa</em> agroecosystem), which is especially concerned about the potential introduction of African Swine fever (ASF) in the Country.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion and conclusions</h3><p>We provide a basis for visualizing and understanding of different WLI scenarios, which is extensible to other regions and interfaces, and automatable where precise source of data from wildlife and livestock are available. This spatial statistics framework enables the utilization of high-resolution data, ensuring consistency on uniform grids. This aligns with the needs of high-resolution disease dissemination models based on wildlife behaviour. Such aspects are crucial for developing risk assessment and improving strategies for the prevention, control, and eradication of shared priority emerging diseases at national and international levels, such as ASF.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587724001661/pdfft?md5=3ae01062888390d3e8f1ccda12e95177&pid=1-s2.0-S0167587724001661-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"A methodological framework to characterize the wildlife-livestock interface: The case of wild boar in mainland Spain\",\"authors\":\"Carmen Ruiz-Rodríguez , José A. 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Subsequently, we aim to employ this framework to depict specific WLI based on different epidemiological scenarios determined by the abundance of wild boar (<em>Sus scrofa</em>) and domestic ungulates as an illustrative case, specifically focusing on mainland Spain.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>To establish a methodological framework, we merged data from both wild and domestic sources into a hexagonal grid. We utilized data on wild boar hunting and the locations of pig, cattle, sheep, and goat farms in mainland Spain. New variables were derived from this combined dataset to illustrate the overlapping abundance between wild boar and domestic species. Finally, a cluster analysis of the generated variables was carried out, with the aim of distinguishing and characterizing various scenarios of the wild boar-domestic ungulate interface in mainland Spain.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The hexagonal grid proved appropriate to represent and evaluate the WLI at fine spatial resolution over such broad extent. Despite the inability to ascribe a dominant livestock type and production system to a specific region, we were able to identify fifteen main areas of interest in terms of overlap. As for extensive livestock, normally at the highest risk of interaction with wild boar, the primary regions in Spain were those with <em>dehesa</em> agroecosystem and the Atlantic areas. Certain scenarios were particularly relevant in terms of risk for interaction and subsequent transmission of disease, namely, the case of extensive pig production in south western Spain (<em>dehesa</em> agroecosystem), which is especially concerned about the potential introduction of African Swine fever (ASF) in the Country.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion and conclusions</h3><p>We provide a basis for visualizing and understanding of different WLI scenarios, which is extensible to other regions and interfaces, and automatable where precise source of data from wildlife and livestock are available. This spatial statistics framework enables the utilization of high-resolution data, ensuring consistency on uniform grids. This aligns with the needs of high-resolution disease dissemination models based on wildlife behaviour. 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A methodological framework to characterize the wildlife-livestock interface: The case of wild boar in mainland Spain
Background
The representation of wildlife-livestock interface (WLI) at an accurate spatial resolution poses several challenges. Furthermore, there is a lack of published material providing detailed descriptions of geospatial techniques for the purpose of producing visual results that are interpretable and contrastable for epidemiological analysis.
Objectives
Our aim is to develop a standardized, applicable, and scalable methodological framework for describing and characterizing the WLI across a large spatial extent. Subsequently, we aim to employ this framework to depict specific WLI based on different epidemiological scenarios determined by the abundance of wild boar (Sus scrofa) and domestic ungulates as an illustrative case, specifically focusing on mainland Spain.
Methods
To establish a methodological framework, we merged data from both wild and domestic sources into a hexagonal grid. We utilized data on wild boar hunting and the locations of pig, cattle, sheep, and goat farms in mainland Spain. New variables were derived from this combined dataset to illustrate the overlapping abundance between wild boar and domestic species. Finally, a cluster analysis of the generated variables was carried out, with the aim of distinguishing and characterizing various scenarios of the wild boar-domestic ungulate interface in mainland Spain.
Results
The hexagonal grid proved appropriate to represent and evaluate the WLI at fine spatial resolution over such broad extent. Despite the inability to ascribe a dominant livestock type and production system to a specific region, we were able to identify fifteen main areas of interest in terms of overlap. As for extensive livestock, normally at the highest risk of interaction with wild boar, the primary regions in Spain were those with dehesa agroecosystem and the Atlantic areas. Certain scenarios were particularly relevant in terms of risk for interaction and subsequent transmission of disease, namely, the case of extensive pig production in south western Spain (dehesa agroecosystem), which is especially concerned about the potential introduction of African Swine fever (ASF) in the Country.
Discussion and conclusions
We provide a basis for visualizing and understanding of different WLI scenarios, which is extensible to other regions and interfaces, and automatable where precise source of data from wildlife and livestock are available. This spatial statistics framework enables the utilization of high-resolution data, ensuring consistency on uniform grids. This aligns with the needs of high-resolution disease dissemination models based on wildlife behaviour. Such aspects are crucial for developing risk assessment and improving strategies for the prevention, control, and eradication of shared priority emerging diseases at national and international levels, such as ASF.
期刊介绍:
Preventive Veterinary Medicine is one of the leading international resources for scientific reports on animal health programs and preventive veterinary medicine. The journal follows the guidelines for standardizing and strengthening the reporting of biomedical research which are available from the CONSORT, MOOSE, PRISMA, REFLECT, STARD, and STROBE statements. The journal focuses on:
Epidemiology of health events relevant to domestic and wild animals;
Economic impacts of epidemic and endemic animal and zoonotic diseases;
Latest methods and approaches in veterinary epidemiology;
Disease and infection control or eradication measures;
The "One Health" concept and the relationships between veterinary medicine, human health, animal-production systems, and the environment;
Development of new techniques in surveillance systems and diagnosis;
Evaluation and control of diseases in animal populations.