Net zero emission and sustainable development in electricity: emerging Asia’s Bangladesh context in global perspective

Electricity plays a crucial role in the energy sector. Its production often leads to substantial CO2 emissions, contributing much to climate change. This issue is principally crucial in rapidly developing Asian economies where surging energy demands involve huge emission concerns. This study focuses on the assessment of net-zero emission (NZE) scenarios for electricity in emerging Asia. Following the guidelines of the International Energy Agency, the imperative of sustainable energy and environmental practices extends beyond developed economies to include developing ones. To mitigate emissions, innovative strategies to curtail non-renewable energy (RE) sources are essential. By exploring the dynamics of primary energy flow, and electricity-related emissions, this research emphasizes the significance of integrating substantial RE proportions within diverse setups. A theoretical framework is proposed by employing thermodynamic models that link energy mix configurations to environmental outcomes. Given the considerable population in developing Asian nations, a delicate equilibrium between energy demands and environmental stewardship is imperative, aligning with sustainable development goals. The study establishes the correlations between thermodynamic models and energy scenario variations, particularly within the context of the Global Energy and Climate model and NZE policy framework under universal energy access protocols. Hereafter, this paper examines Bangladesh’s energy management trajectory, focusing on its status as the most climate-vulnerable region in developing Asia and the world. Finally, a suitable energy management pathway for Bangladesh to contribute insights into the alignment of energy policies with environmental and development goals has been proposed to achieve sustainable energy futures.