男子足球精英的力量和发力能力评估:对实践和研究中使用的测试方案进行系统回顾。

IF 9.3 1区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES Sports Medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-18 DOI:10.1007/s40279-024-02071-8
Nikolaos D Asimakidis, Irvin N Mukandi, Marco Beato, Chris Bishop, Anthony N Turner
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:考虑到精英足球比赛中爆发性动作的频率和重要性,力量和功率是实现高水平表现的两个关键身体素质。力量和发力的评估是一个多层面的概念,涉及大量的测试和结果变量。然而,目前尚未对精英足球的力量和功率评估程序进行全面系统的研究:本系统综述旨在(目的:本系统综述旨在:(1)确定用于评估精英男子足球运动员力量和力量的测试和结果变量;(2)提供不同运动水平的最常见力量和力量测试的标准值;以及(3)报告这些力量和力量测试的可靠性值:按照《系统综述和元分析首选报告项目》(Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses,PRISMA)指南,对学术数据库 MEDLINE、CINAHL、SPORTDiscus、Web of Science 和 OVID 中截至 2023 年 8 月发表的研究进行了系统综述。符合以下条件的研究均可纳入(1) 原创性研究,发表在同行评审期刊上,用英语撰写;(2) 主要目的是评估力量和/或功率;(3) 球员为男性,年龄大于 17 岁(即该组的平均年龄);(4) 球员的竞技水平被定义为 "职业"、"国际 "或 "精英":在力量测试方面,共发现了 115 项研究和 29 种不同的测试方法。最常见的三种力量测试是膝关节伸肌等动力量测试(58 项研究)、膝关节屈肌等动力量测试(55 项研究)和北欧腿肌力量测试(13 项研究)。在力量测试方面,有 127 项研究纳入了 31 种不同的测试。最常见的三种力量测试分别是双手固定在臀部的反身跳(99 项研究)、深蹲跳(48 项研究)和摆臂垂直跳(29 项研究):本系统综述所确定的不同测试和结果变量范围广泛,凸显了所采用测试程序的巨大多样性。建立一种混合测试方法,将标准化的、广为接受的测试与灵活的、针对具体情况的测试组合起来,既能建立常模标准,又能在不同情况下进行比较,从而最大限度地发挥测试信息对从业人员的影响。此外,各项研究对信度数据的报告有限,这突出表明从业人员需要根据具体情况建立自己的信度测量方法,为选择某些测试和结果变量提供依据。
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Assessment of Strength and Power Capacities in Elite Male Soccer: A Systematic Review of Test Protocols Used in Practice and Research.

Background: Strength and power represent two crucial physical qualities for the attainment of a high level of performance considering the frequency and the importance of explosive actions occurring during elite soccer match-play. Evaluation of strength and power is a multifaceted concept involving a vast array of tests and outcome variables. Nevertheless, a comprehensive and systematic search of strength and power assessment procedures in elite soccer has yet to be undertaken.

Objectives: The aims of this systematic review were to: (1) identify the tests and outcome variables used to assess strength and power of elite male soccer players; (2) provide normative values for the most common tests of strength and power across different playing levels; and (3) report the reliability values of these strength and power tests.

Methods: A systematic review of the academic databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science and OVID for studies published until August 2023 was conducted, following the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they: (1) were original research studies, published in a peer-reviewed journal, and written in English language; (2) had the primary aim to assess strength and/or power; (3) players were male and older than 17 years of age (i.e., mean age of the group); and (4) their playing level was defined as "professional", "international" or "elite".

Results: Regarding strength testing, 115 studies and 29 different tests were identified. The three most frequent strength tests were the knee extensor isokinetic strength test (58 studies), the knee flexor isokinetic strength test (55 studies) and the Nordic hamstring strength test (13 studies). In terms of power testing, 127 studies with 31 different tests were included. The three most frequent power tests were the countermovement jump with hands fixed on hips (99 studies), the squat jump (48 studies) and the vertical jump with arm swing (29 studies).

Conclusions: The wide range of different tests and outcome variables identified in this systematic review highlights the large diversity in the employed testing procedures. The establishment of a hybrid testing approach, combining standardised and widely accepted tests for establishing normative standards and enabling comparisons across different contexts, with flexible context-specific testing batteries, has the potential to maximise the impact of testing information for practitioners. In addition, the limited reporting of reliability data across studies highlights the need for practitioners to establish their own reliability measure within their specific contexts, informing the selection of certain tests and outcome variables.

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来源期刊
Sports Medicine
Sports Medicine 医学-运动科学
CiteScore
18.40
自引率
5.10%
发文量
165
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Sports Medicine focuses on providing definitive and comprehensive review articles that interpret and evaluate current literature, aiming to offer insights into research findings in the sports medicine and exercise field. The journal covers major topics such as sports medicine and sports science, medical syndromes associated with sport and exercise, clinical medicine's role in injury prevention and treatment, exercise for rehabilitation and health, and the application of physiological and biomechanical principles to specific sports. Types of Articles: Review Articles: Definitive and comprehensive reviews that interpret and evaluate current literature to provide rationale for and application of research findings. Leading/Current Opinion Articles: Overviews of contentious or emerging issues in the field. Original Research Articles: High-quality research articles. Enhanced Features: Additional features like slide sets, videos, and animations aimed at increasing the visibility, readership, and educational value of the journal's content. Plain Language Summaries: Summaries accompanying articles to assist readers in understanding important medical advances. Peer Review Process: All manuscripts undergo peer review by international experts to ensure quality and rigor. The journal also welcomes Letters to the Editor, which will be considered for publication.
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