对乌干达野生动物保护区附近农村社区有关狂犬病传播和预防的知识、态度和做法的描述性分析:一项 "同一健康 "横断面研究。

IF 3.6 Q1 TROPICAL MEDICINE Tropical Medicine and Health Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI:10.1186/s41182-024-00615-2
Collins G K Atuheire, James Okwee-Acai, Martha Taremwa, Odoch Terence, Sarah N Ssali, Frank N Mwiine, Clovice Kankya, Eystein Skjerve, Morten Tryland
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:尽管城市(家犬)狂犬病循环是到 2030 年消除狂犬病的主要目标,但系统(野生动物)狂犬病循环也会造成狂犬病蔓延,尤其是在野生动物保护区附近的居民区。野生动物保护区附近的农村社区具有独特的社会人口和文化习俗,包括食用蝙蝠、狩猎丛林肉类、猎犬不接种狂犬病疫苗等。本研究旨在比较乌干达三个地区有关狂犬病传播和预防的知识、态度和做法(KAPs):(1)北部与默奇森瀑布国家公园(MFNP)相邻的恩沃亚(Nwoya);(2)西部与基巴莱国家公园(KNP)、伊丽莎白女王国家公园(QENP)和卡通加猎物保护区(KGR)相邻的卡姆文盖(Kamwenge);(3)东部与皮安乌佩猎物保护区(PUGR)相邻的布克德亚(Bukedea):方法:在这些野生动物保护区附近的居民点开展了一项社区横断面调查。采用半结构式问卷,从 843 个拥有狗和牲畜的家庭中收集了数据。数据收集时间为 2023 年 1 月至 4 月。采用卡方检验(Chi-square test)和费雪精确检验(Fisher's exact test)对三个研究区的 KAPs 进行了分区单变量分析:研究参与者的年龄中位数为 42 岁(Q1、Q3 = 30、52),男性占多数(67%,n = 562)。主要结果显示,北部恩沃亚区(MFNP)的参与者对狂犬病流行病学知之甚少(8.5%,n = 25),只有 64% 的参与者(n = 187)知道狂犬病的症状和体征,如狂犬表现出攻击性,并且对预防措施持消极态度(15.3%,n = 45)。卡姆文盖区西部(KNP、QENP 和 KGR)的参与者对狂犬病传播和预防方面的野生动物与人类互动知之甚少,态度消极,尤其是那些没有受过教育或只受过初级教育的参与者(20.9%,n = 27),而东部布克德亚(PUGR)的参与者在狂犬病传播、预防和控制方面的做法明显较差(37.8%,n = 114):结论:在乌干达国家公园和野生动物保护区周边的农村社区,狂犬病仍是一个被忽视的公共卫生威胁。我们的研究结果凸显了这些社区在狂犬病传播和预防的相关知识、态度和实践方面存在的主要差距。通过现有的社区平台,兽医服务、野生动物管理局、公共卫生团队、社会科学和社区领袖之间的沟通和行动是解决乌干达同栖高危社区狂犬病问题的关键。
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Descriptive analyses of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding rabies transmission and prevention in rural communities near wildlife reserves in Uganda: a One Health cross-sectional study.

Background: Despite urban (domestic dog) rabies cycles being the main target for rabies elimination by 2030, sylvatic (wildlife) rabies cycles can act as rabies spillovers especially in settlements contiguous to wildlife reserves. Rural communities next to wildlife reserves are characterized by unique socio-demographic and cultural practices including bat consumption, hunting for bushmeat, and non-vaccination of hunting dogs against rabies among others. This study aimed to compare the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) related to rabies transmission and prevention in the three districts of Uganda; (1) Nwoya, neighboring Murchison Falls National Park (MFNP) in the north, (2) Kamwenge neighboring Kibaale National Park (KNP), Queen Elizabeth National Park (QENP) and Katonga Game Reserve (KGR) in the west, and (3) Bukedea, neighboring Pian Upe Game Reserve (PUGR) in the east of Uganda.

Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in settlements contiguous to these wildlife reserves. Using a semi-structured questionnaire, data were collected from 843 households owning dogs and livestock. Data were collected between the months of January and April 2023. Stratified univariate analyses by district were carried out using the Chi-square test for independence and Fisher's exact test to compare KAPs in the three study districts.

Results: The median age of study participants was 42 years (Q1, Q3 = 30, 52) with males comprising the majority (67%, n = 562). The key findings revealed that participants from the Nwoya district in the north (MFNP) had little knowledge about rabies epidemiology (8.5%, n = 25), only 64% (n = 187) of them knew its signs and symptoms such as a rabid dog presenting with aggressiveness and showed negative attitudes towards prevention measures (15.3%, n = 45). Participants in the Kamwenge district-west (KNP, QENP, and KGR) had little knowledge and negative attitude towards wildlife-human interaction pertaining to rabies transmission and prevention especially those with no or primary level of education (20.9%, n = 27) while participants from Bukedea in the east (PUGR) had remarkedly poor practices towards rabies transmission, prevention, and control (37.8%, n = 114).

Conclusions: Rabies from sylvatic cycles remains a neglected public health threat in rural communities surrounding national parks and game reserves in Uganda. Our study findings highlight key gaps in knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to rabies transmission and prevention among such communities. Communication and action between veterinary services, wildlife authority, public health teams, social science and community leaders through available community platforms is key in addressing rabies among the sympatric at-risk communities in Uganda.

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来源期刊
Tropical Medicine and Health
Tropical Medicine and Health TROPICAL MEDICINE-
CiteScore
7.00
自引率
2.20%
发文量
90
审稿时长
11 weeks
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