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引用次数: 0
摘要
克隆选择理论(CST)是当前用于解释免疫识别和记忆的范式的核心。自伯内特最初发表克隆选择理论以来,在过去的几十年中,该理论不断扩展和修改,以解释新的实验证据。这就产生了如今指导实验免疫学的新范式,如抗原关联识别模式和陌生人/危险信号模式。然而,这些新理论也无法完全解释天然自身免疫免疫球蛋白、特异性网络、低剂量和高剂量耐受以及双受体 T 细胞和 B 细胞等实验发现。为了理解这些经验数据,一些学者一直在尝试使用系统方法、与大脑处理的类比以及二阶控制论的概念来改变免疫认知的范式。在本文中,我们回顾了控制论及其衍生的一些理论/假设,重点是免疫识别。我们指出了它们的主要弱点,并强调了反对者和信奉者的论点。我们的结论是,迄今为止,所提出的理论都不能完全解释免疫现象的全部,免疫学需要一个万物理论。
The clonal selection theory (CST) is the centrepiece of the current paradigm used to explain immune recognition and memory. Throughout the past decades, the original CST had been expanded and modified to explain new experimental evidences since its original publication by Burnet. This gave origin to new paradigms that govern experimental immunology nowadays, such as the associative recognition of antigen model and the stranger/danger signal model. However, these new theories also do not fully explain experimental findings such as natural autoimmune immunoglobulins, idiotypic networks, low and high dose tolerance, and dual-receptor T and B cells. To make sense of these empirical data, some authors have been trying to change the paradigm of immune cognition using a systemic approach, analogies with brain processing and concepts from second-order cybernetics. In the present paper, we review the CST and some of the theories/hypotheses derived from it, focusing on immune recognition. We point out their main weaknesses and highlight arguments made by their opponents and believers. We conclude that, until now, none of the proposed theories can fully explain the totality of immune phenomena and that a theory of everything is needed in immunology.
期刊介绍:
Immunology is one of the longest-established immunology journals and is recognised as one of the leading journals in its field. We have global representation in authors, editors and reviewers.
Immunology publishes papers describing original findings in all areas of cellular and molecular immunology. High-quality original articles describing mechanistic insights into fundamental aspects of the immune system are welcome. Topics of interest to the journal include: immune cell development, cancer immunology, systems immunology/omics and informatics, inflammation, immunometabolism, immunology of infection, microbiota and immunity, mucosal immunology, and neuroimmunology.
The journal also publishes commissioned review articles on subjects of topical interest to immunologists, and commissions in-depth review series: themed sets of review articles which take a 360° view of select topics at the heart of immunological research.