人类造成的风险促使正在恢复的棕熊做出行为决定

IF 2.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Animal Conservation Pub Date : 2024-07-20 DOI:10.1111/acv.12965
Andrea Corradini, Daniele Falcinelli, Luca Pedrotti, Clara Tattoni, Nathan Ranc, Natalia Bragalanti, Claudio Groff, Marco Ciolli, Francesca Cagnacci
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在人类占主导地位的景观中,正在恢复的熊种群与人类共享空间,这可能会导致熊与人类的冲突,进而降低人们对熊的接受程度,增加与人类原因有关的熊死亡率。以前对棕熊(Ursus arctos)运动数据的分析表明,棕熊采取安全-食物权衡策略来应对与人类有关的各种风险。然而,棕熊在休息、交配或储备脂肪以准备冬眠时,应对这些风险情况的灵活性可能会降低。在这项研究中,我们测量了棕熊在高度异质性的人类主导景观中对人类相关风险和食物资源分布的多尺度空间响应。我们考察了意大利阿尔卑斯山最近重新引入的棕熊种群的 GPS 标记棕熊在种群范围内("二阶 "选择)和蛰伏地点("三阶 "选择)的栖息地选择情况。我们通过对遥测地点进行现场验证的时空聚类分析来确定休息地点。我们利用野生浆果果实的动态地理层绘制了食物可用性和分布图,并利用人类活动数据(基于 Strava 的累积户外活动指数)绘制了与人类相关的风险图。棕熊在选择家园范围时似乎会为了避免人为干扰而牺牲对食物资源的需求,因为当人类使用户外路径较多时,棕熊对野生浆果较丰富地区的利用率较低。此外,休息地点的选择在很大程度上只取决于对与人类有关的风险的规避,选择的地点往往是人迹罕至、更加隐蔽和难以到达的地方。我们的结论是,人类与黑熊争夺空间的方式超出了其对基础设施的影响,也就是说,人类主动占据了黑熊生存的关键区域,从而可能限制了黑熊的生存空间。我们建议采取缓解措施,通过有选择性地限制人类在黑熊生存的年度生理敏感期进入关键区域,促进黑熊与人类的共存。
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Human‐induced risk drives behavioural decisions in a recovering brown bear population
In human‐dominated landscapes, rebounding bear populations share space with people, which may lead to bear–human conflicts and, consequently, a decrease in acceptance and an increase in bear mortality linked to human causes. Previous analyses of brown bear (Ursus arctos) movement data have shown that bears adopt a security‐food trade‐off strategy in response to variable human‐related risk. However, brown bear flexibility to cope with these risky situations may be reduced when resting, mating or stocking fat in preparation for hibernation. In this study, we measured the multi‐scale spatial response of brown bears to human‐related risk and food resource distribution in a highly heterogeneous human‐dominated landscape. We examined habitat selection both within the population range (‘second‐order’ selection) and at bedding site locations (‘third‐order’) for GPS‐tagged brown bears of a recently reintroduced population in the Italian Alps. We identified resting locations by field‐validated spatio‐temporal cluster analysis of telemetry locations. We mapped food availability and distribution using dynamic geographic layers of fruiting wild berries, and human‐related risk using human mobility data (Strava‐based Cumulated Outdoor activity Index). Brown bears appeared to compromise their need for food resources for avoidance of anthropogenic disturbance when selecting home ranges, as they utilized areas richer in wild berries less when human use of outdoor tracks was higher. Furthermore, selection of resting site locations strongly depended on the avoidance of human‐related risk only, with less frequented, more concealed and inaccessible sites being selected. We conclude that humans compete for space with bears beyond their infrastructural impact, that is, by actively occupying key areas for bear survival, thereby potentially restricting the bears' realized niche. We propose mitigating actions to promote bear–human coexistence by selectively restricting human access to key areas during sensitive annual physiological phases for bear survival.
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来源期刊
Animal Conservation
Animal Conservation 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
7.50
自引率
5.90%
发文量
71
审稿时长
12-24 weeks
期刊介绍: Animal Conservation provides a forum for rapid publication of novel, peer-reviewed research into the conservation of animal species and their habitats. The focus is on rigorous quantitative studies of an empirical or theoretical nature, which may relate to populations, species or communities and their conservation. We encourage the submission of single-species papers that have clear broader implications for conservation of other species or systems. A central theme is to publish important new ideas of broad interest and with findings that advance the scientific basis of conservation. Subjects covered include population biology, epidemiology, evolutionary ecology, population genetics, biodiversity, biogeography, palaeobiology and conservation economics.
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