Effect of Nutritional Rehabilitation on Neurodevelopmental Status of Children With Severe Acute Malnutrition.

Objective: To evaluate the change in the neurodevelopmental status of children (1-30-months-old) with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) following nutritional rehabilitation.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted in the Severe Malnutrition Therapeutic Unit (SMTU) of a tertiary hospital in Central India, between April 2021 and October 2022. Children with primary neurological conditions like cerebral palsy and epilepsy were excluded. Neurodevelopment was assessed using the Developmental Assessment Scale of Indian Infants (DASII) at admission and following nutritional rehabilitation as per the National Health Mission (NHM) guidelines at the time of discharge, 2 months and 4 months follow-up. Developmental quotient (DQ) ≤ 70 was considered delayed.

Results: 114 children with SAM were included; 4 were lost to follow-up. There was an increase in Motor Developmental Quotient (MoDQ) and Mental Developmental Quotient (MeDQ) at discharge, 2 months, and 4 months. The improvement in MoDQ and MeDQ was greater in children with adequate weight gain. Poor weight gain, higher age of presentation and lower MeDQ and MoDQ at admission were associated with persistent developmental delay at 4 months follow-up.

Conclusion: There was a consistent improvement in DQ with improvement in nutritional status.