威尔士晚三叠世 Terrestrisuchus gracilis(古龙类,鳄形目)的颅后解剖学和骨组织学

IF 2.3 2区 地球科学 Q1 PALEONTOLOGY Papers in Palaeontology Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI:10.1002/spp2.1577
Stephan N. F. Spiekman, Richard J. Butler, Susannah C. R. Maidment
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引用次数: 0

摘要

最早的鳄形目被称为非鳄形目,最早出现于晚三叠世。与现存的半水生鳄形目相比,早期的鳄形目代表了完全直立姿势的陆生类群,在大多数情况下体型较小。它们优美的骨骼表明它们的生活方式是活跃的,可能与同时代的两足兽脚类恐龙相似。尽管早期鳄形目动物的身体结构非同一般,但它们的颅后形态却很少有详细记载,这限制了我们推断其功能形态和进化的能力。在这里,我们详细描述了来自英国威尔士南部 Pant-y-Ffynnon 采石场晚三叠世的小体型鳄科动物 Terrestrisuchus gracilis 的后颅骨,包括基于组织学薄片对长骨组织的描述。颅后骨骼的几乎所有元素都被保存了下来。Terrestrisuchus gracilis的骨骼非常婀娜,即使对于非鳄形目鳄科动物来说也是如此。附肢骨骼的骨骼学相关性表明,Terrestrisuchus gracilis具有四足行走的姿势。对肢体健壮性的定量分析证实了Terrestrisuchus gracilis是一种四足动物。组织学分析表明,所有取样标本的骨骼都不成熟,死亡时生长速度很快,这一点从缺乏外部基本系统和以纤维状骨为主可以看出。其骨组织与最近描述的萨尔托普斯霍斯(Saltoposuchus connectens)和某些非鳄形伪足类的骨组织相似,但与鹤嘴龙(Hesperosuchus agilis)和鳄形类不同,后者的平行纤维骨更为普遍。
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The postcranial anatomy and osteohistology of Terrestrisuchus gracilis (Archosauria, Crocodylomorpha) from the Late Triassic of Wales
The earliest crocodylomorphs, known as non‐crocodyliform crocodylomorphs, first appeared during the Late Triassic. In contrast to extant crocodylians, which are all semi‐aquatic, early crocodylomorphs represent terrestrial taxa with a fully erect posture and in most cases a small body size. Their gracile skeletons suggest an active mode of life, possibly similar to contemporaneous, bipedal theropod dinosaurs. Despite this remarkable body plan, the postcranial morphology of early crocodylomorphs has rarely been documented in detail, restricting our ability to infer aspects of their functional morphology and evolution. Here, we provide a detailed description of the postcranium of Terrestrisuchus gracilis, a small‐bodied crocodylomorph from the Late Triassic of Pant‐y‐Ffynnon Quarry (southern Wales, UK), including a description of long bone tissues based on histological thin sections. Almost all elements of the postcranial skeleton have been preserved. The skeleton of Terrestrisuchus gracilis is highly gracile, even for a non‐crocodyliform crocodylomorph. Osteological correlates of the appendicular skeleton suggest that Terrestrisuchus gracilis had a digitigrade, quadrupedal posture. A quantitative analysis of limb robustness corroborates that Terrestrisuchus gracilis was a quadruped. Histological analysis suggests that all sampled specimens were skeletally immature and had fast growth at the time of death, as indicated by the lack of an external fundamental system and the predominance of fibrolamellar bone. The bone tissue is similar to that recently described for Saltoposuchus connectens and certain non‐crocodylomorph pseudosuchians, but differs from Hesperosuchus agilis and crocodyliforms, in which parallel‐fibred bone is more prevalent.
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来源期刊
Papers in Palaeontology
Papers in Palaeontology PALEONTOLOGY-
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
4.30%
发文量
55
期刊介绍: Papers in Palaeontology is the successor to Special Papers in Palaeontology and a journal of the Palaeontological Association (www.palass.org). The journal is devoted to the publication of papers that document the diversity of past life and its distribution in time and space. Papers in Palaeontology is devoted to the publication of papers that document the diversity of past life and its distribution in time and space. As a sister publication to Palaeontology its focus is on descriptive research, including the descriptions of new taxa, systematic revisions of higher taxa, detailed biostratigraphical and biogeographical documentation, and descriptions of floras and faunas from specific localities or regions. Most contributions are expected to be less than 30 pp long but longer contributions will be considered if the material merits it, including single topic parts. The journal publishes a wide variety of papers on palaeontological topics covering: palaeozoology, palaeobotany, systematic studies, palaeoecology, micropalaeontology, palaeobiogeography, functional morphology, stratigraphy, taxonomy, taphonomy, palaeoenvironmental reconstruction, palaeoclimate analysis, biomineralization studies.
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