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An Eocene paraclupeid fish (Teleostei, Ellimmichthyiformes) from Bolca, Italy: the youngest marine record of double-armoured herrings. 产于意大利博尔卡的一种始新世副钩尾鱼（钩尾鱼，钩尾鱼形目）：最年轻的双甲鲱鱼海洋记录。

IF 2.3 2区地球科学 Q1 PALEONTOLOGY

Papers in Palaeontology

Pub Date : 2019-02-01 Epub Date: 2018-07-30 DOI: 10.1002/spp2.1230

Giuseppe Marramà, Alexandre F Bannikov, Jürgen Kriwet, Giorgio Carnevale

A new double-armoured herring of the clupeomorph order Ellimmichthyiformes, Eoellimmichthys superstes gen. et sp. nov., is described herein based on a single partially complete specimen from the early Eocene Pesciara site of the Bolca Konservat-Lagerstätte, north-eastern Italy. The fossil documented herein exhibits a unique combination of features (e.g. ornamentation of the skull bones; medial fusion of the contralateral halves of the neural arches of abdominal vertebrae; teeth on endopterygoid, parhypural fused to the first preural centrum; presence of a short series of 6 (or 7) predorsal scutes increasing in size posteriorly; postpelvic scutes bearing very prominent spines), which clearly supports its recognition as a new genus and species of the family Paraclupeidae. Evidence is provided to show that Eoellimmichthys gen. nov. is most closely related phylogenetically to the Early Cretaceous genus Ellimmichthys. The new taxon described herein represents the youngest marine occurrence of the family Paraclupeidae and, more generally, of the order Ellimmichthyiformes, suggesting that the shallow marine settings of the Tethys might have favoured the persistence of certain fish lineages that were severely affected by the end-Cretaceous mass extinction.

本文根据意大利东北部Bolca Konservat Lagerstätte始新世早期Pesciara遗址的一个部分完整的标本，描述了一种新的双甲鲱鱼，即Eoellimmichthys superces gen.et sp.nov。本文记录的化石显示出独特的特征组合（例如颅骨的装饰；对侧腹椎神经弓的内侧融合；与第一硬膜前中央融合的内多毛体上的牙齿；存在一系列短的6（或7）个前后增大的前盾；具有非常突出的刺的骨盆后盾片），这清楚地支持了它作为Paraclupeidae科的一个新属和新种的认识。有证据表明，新一代始埃利鱼与早白垩世埃利鱼属的亲缘关系最为密切。本文所述的新分类单元代表了副钩虫科最年轻的海洋生物，更广泛地说，是埃利鱼目的海洋生物。这表明特提斯的浅海环境可能有利于某些鱼类谱系的持续存在，这些鱼类谱系受到白垩纪末大灭绝的严重影响。

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引用次数: 0

Anatomy of the Ediacaran rangeomorph Charnia masoni. 埃迪卡拉山脉形态的解剖。

IF 2.3 2区地球科学 Q1 PALEONTOLOGY

Papers in Palaeontology

Pub Date : 2019-02-01 Epub Date: 2018-09-11 DOI: 10.1002/spp2.1234

Frances S Dunn, Philip R Wilby, Charlotte G Kenchington, Dmitriy V Grazhdankin, Philip C J Donoghue, Alexander G Liu

The Ediacaran macrofossil Charnia masoni Ford is perhaps the most iconic member of the Rangeomorpha: a group of seemingly sessile, frondose organisms that dominates late Ediacaran benthic, deep-marine fossil assemblages. Despite C. masoni exhibiting broad palaeogeographical and stratigraphical ranges, there have been few morphological studies that consider the variation observed among populations of specimens derived from multiple global localities. We present an analysis of C. masoni that evaluates specimens from the UK, Canada and Russia, representing the largest morphological study of this taxon to date. We describe substantial morphological variation within C. masoni and present a new morphological model for this species that has significant implications both for interpretation of rangeomorph architecture, and potentially for existing taxonomic schemes. Previous reconstructions of Charnia include assumptions regarding the presence of structures seen in other rangeomorphs (e.g. an internal stalk) and of homogeneity in higher order branch morphology; observations that are not borne out by our investigations. We describe variation in the morphology of third and fourth order branches, as well as variation in gross structure near the base of the frond. The diagnosis of Charnia masoni is emended to take account of these new features. These findings highlight the need for large-scale analyses of rangeomorph morphology in order to better understand the biology of this long-enigmatic group.

埃迪卡拉纪大型化石Charnia masoni Ford可能是Rangeomorpha中最具标志性的成员：一群看似无柄的复叶生物，主导着埃迪卡拉纪晚期的底栖深海化石组合。尽管C.masoni表现出广泛的古地理和地层范围，但很少有形态学研究考虑到来自全球多个地区的标本种群之间的变化。我们对C.masoni进行了分析，评估了来自英国、加拿大和俄罗斯的标本，这是迄今为止对该分类单元最大的形态学研究。我们描述了C.masoni内部的大量形态学变化，并为该物种提出了一个新的形态学模型，该模型对解释rangeomorph结构和潜在的现有分类方案都具有重要意义。Charnia先前的重建包括关于在其他范围形态（如内部茎）中看到的结构的存在以及更高阶分支形态的同质性的假设；我们的调查没有证实这些观察结果。我们描述了三级和四级枝条形态的变化，以及叶基附近毛结构的变化。考虑到这些新的特征，对马索尼氏菌的诊断进行了修正。这些发现强调了对范围形态进行大规模分析的必要性，以便更好地了解这个长期神秘的群体的生物学。

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