Mahmoud A. Galmed, Habes A. Ghrefat, Khaled M. Al Kahtany, Madyan M. A. Yahya, Essam Abd El-Motaal
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The presence of SiO<sub>2</sub> (average: 7.59 wt%) and TiO<sub>2</sub> (average: 2.94 wt%) suggests the existence of rutile, anatase, and kaolinite. To assess the grade and mineralogical composition of bauxite, spectra were obtained using the GER 3700 spectroradiometer across low, medium, and high-grade samples. Notable features in the spectra include strong Al–OH vibrations at wavelengths approximately 1.5, 2.2, and 2.3 µm, indicative of bauxite’s presence. The presence of hematite, goethite, and gibbsite is discerned through absorption features at 0.48 and 0.88 µm. Furthermore, absorption properties near 2.3 µm suggest the existence of calcite, attributed to the CO<sub>3</sub> molecule. Analysis of the Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of bauxite reveals absorption bands associated with kaolinite, hematite, quartz, and gibbsite. Integration of X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR, and reflectance spectroscopy was useful in determining bauxite grade and mineralogical composition. These methods serve as efficient tools in the exploration and characterization of bauxite deposits, facilitating informed decision-making in aluminum production processes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"17 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8270,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Mineralogical, geochemical, and spectral characteristics of low-high grade bauxite deposits of the southern bauxite zone at Al Ba’itha mine, Az Zabirah, Saudi Arabia\",\"authors\":\"Mahmoud A. Galmed, Habes A. Ghrefat, Khaled M. Al Kahtany, Madyan M. A. Yahya, Essam Abd El-Motaal\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s12517-024-12038-8\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Bauxite, the primary economic raw material for aluminum production, is extensively used due to its affordability. The Al Ba’itha mine in Az Zabirah, Saudi Arabia, contains bauxite deposits with varying textures, including pisolitic, oolitic, and oolitic-conglomeratic forms. Predominant minerals within these deposits include gibbsite, boehmite, and diaspore. These deposits have elevated concentrations of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, with average values standing at 53.59 wt% and 12.12 wt%, respectively. Minor constituents such as goethite, hematite, and boehmite contribute to these compositions. The presence of SiO<sub>2</sub> (average: 7.59 wt%) and TiO<sub>2</sub> (average: 2.94 wt%) suggests the existence of rutile, anatase, and kaolinite. To assess the grade and mineralogical composition of bauxite, spectra were obtained using the GER 3700 spectroradiometer across low, medium, and high-grade samples. Notable features in the spectra include strong Al–OH vibrations at wavelengths approximately 1.5, 2.2, and 2.3 µm, indicative of bauxite’s presence. The presence of hematite, goethite, and gibbsite is discerned through absorption features at 0.48 and 0.88 µm. Furthermore, absorption properties near 2.3 µm suggest the existence of calcite, attributed to the CO<sub>3</sub> molecule. Analysis of the Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of bauxite reveals absorption bands associated with kaolinite, hematite, quartz, and gibbsite. Integration of X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR, and reflectance spectroscopy was useful in determining bauxite grade and mineralogical composition. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
铝土矿是铝生产的主要经济原料,因其价格低廉而被广泛使用。沙特阿拉伯 Az Zabirah 的 Al Ba'itha 矿含有不同质地的铝土矿,包括透闪石型、鲕状和鲕状-砾状。这些矿床中的主要矿物包括辉锑矿、沸石和透辉石。这些矿床的 Al2O3 和 Fe2O3 含量较高,平均值分别为 53.59 wt% 和 12.12 wt%。鹅铁矿、赤铁矿和沸石等次要成分也是这些成分的组成部分。二氧化硅(平均:7.59 wt%)和二氧化钛(平均:2.94 wt%)的存在表明了金红石、锐钛矿和高岭石的存在。为了评估铝土矿的品位和矿物成分,使用 GER 3700 分光辐射计对低、中、高品位样品进行了光谱分析。光谱中的显著特点包括波长约为 1.5、2.2 和 2.3 微米的 Al-OH 强烈振动,表明铝土矿的存在。通过 0.48 和 0.88 µm 波长处的吸收特征,可以分辨出赤铁矿、鹅铁矿和辉铜矿的存在。此外,2.3 微米附近的吸收特性表明方解石的存在,这归因于 CO3 分子。铝土矿的傅立叶变换红外光谱分析显示了与高岭石、赤铁矿、石英和辉绿岩相关的吸收带。整合 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、傅立叶变换红外光谱和反射光谱有助于确定铝土矿的品位和矿物成分。这些方法是勘探和鉴定铝土矿的有效工具,有助于在铝生产过程中做出明智的决策。
Mineralogical, geochemical, and spectral characteristics of low-high grade bauxite deposits of the southern bauxite zone at Al Ba’itha mine, Az Zabirah, Saudi Arabia
Bauxite, the primary economic raw material for aluminum production, is extensively used due to its affordability. The Al Ba’itha mine in Az Zabirah, Saudi Arabia, contains bauxite deposits with varying textures, including pisolitic, oolitic, and oolitic-conglomeratic forms. Predominant minerals within these deposits include gibbsite, boehmite, and diaspore. These deposits have elevated concentrations of Al2O3 and Fe2O3, with average values standing at 53.59 wt% and 12.12 wt%, respectively. Minor constituents such as goethite, hematite, and boehmite contribute to these compositions. The presence of SiO2 (average: 7.59 wt%) and TiO2 (average: 2.94 wt%) suggests the existence of rutile, anatase, and kaolinite. To assess the grade and mineralogical composition of bauxite, spectra were obtained using the GER 3700 spectroradiometer across low, medium, and high-grade samples. Notable features in the spectra include strong Al–OH vibrations at wavelengths approximately 1.5, 2.2, and 2.3 µm, indicative of bauxite’s presence. The presence of hematite, goethite, and gibbsite is discerned through absorption features at 0.48 and 0.88 µm. Furthermore, absorption properties near 2.3 µm suggest the existence of calcite, attributed to the CO3 molecule. Analysis of the Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of bauxite reveals absorption bands associated with kaolinite, hematite, quartz, and gibbsite. Integration of X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR, and reflectance spectroscopy was useful in determining bauxite grade and mineralogical composition. These methods serve as efficient tools in the exploration and characterization of bauxite deposits, facilitating informed decision-making in aluminum production processes.
期刊介绍:
The Arabian Journal of Geosciences is the official journal of the Saudi Society for Geosciences and publishes peer-reviewed original and review articles on the entire range of Earth Science themes, focused on, but not limited to, those that have regional significance to the Middle East and the Euro-Mediterranean Zone.
Key topics therefore include; geology, hydrogeology, earth system science, petroleum sciences, geophysics, seismology and crustal structures, tectonics, sedimentology, palaeontology, metamorphic and igneous petrology, natural hazards, environmental sciences and sustainable development, geoarchaeology, geomorphology, paleo-environment studies, oceanography, atmospheric sciences, GIS and remote sensing, geodesy, mineralogy, volcanology, geochemistry and metallogenesis.