Stable Water Isotope Signals and Their Relation to Stratiform and Convective Precipitation in the Tropical Andes

Stratiform and convective precipitation are known to be associated with distinct isotopic fingerprints in the tropics. Such rain type specific isotope signals are of key importance for climate reconstructions derived from climate proxies (e.g., stable isotopes in tree rings). Recently, the relation between rain type and isotope signal in present-day climate has been intensively discussed. While some studies point out the importance of deep convection, other studies emphasize the role of stratiform precipitation for strongly depleted isotope signals in precipitation. Uncertainties arise from observational studies due to data scarcity while modeling approaches with global climate models cannot explicitly resolve convective processes and rely on parameterizations. High-resolution climate models are particularly important for studies over complex topography and for the simulation of convective cloud formation and organization. Therefore, we applied the isotope-enabled version of the high-resolution climate model from the Consortium for Small-Scale Modeling (COSMO_iso) over the Andes of tropical south Ecuador, South America, to investigate the influence of stratiform and convective rain on the stable oxygen isotope signal of precipitation (δ¹⁸O_P). Our results highlight the importance of deep convection for depleting the isotopic signal of precipitation and increasing its deuterium excess. Due to the opposing effect of shallow and deep convection on the δ¹⁸O_P signal, the use of a stratiform fraction might be misleading. We therefore propose to use a shallow and deep convective fraction to analyze the effect of rain types on δ¹⁸O_P.