{"title":"平衡箱","authors":"G. M. Anderson","doi":"10.1007/s10698-024-09514-0","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>The meaning of the once widely used term the <i>Gibbs Free Energy</i> in terms of available work energy is perfectly illustrated for chemical reactions by the Van’t Hoff Equilibrium Box. Combining this with DeDonder’s extent of reaction variable and using the reaction of <span>\\(\\hbox {NH}_3\\)</span> to <span>\\(\\hbox {H}_2\\)</span> and <span>\\(\\hbox {N}_2\\)</span> at <span>\\(200^{\\circ }\\hbox {C}\\)</span> as an example shows the difference between total work energy and available work energy, and in addition allows calculation of the equilibrium composition, demonstration of the minimum in the Gibbs energy curve, and the standard relationship between <span>\\(\\Delta _\\textrm{r}G^{\\circ }\\)</span> and <span>\\(\\ln {K}\\)</span></p>","PeriodicalId":568,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The equilibrium box\",\"authors\":\"G. M. Anderson\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s10698-024-09514-0\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>The meaning of the once widely used term the <i>Gibbs Free Energy</i> in terms of available work energy is perfectly illustrated for chemical reactions by the Van’t Hoff Equilibrium Box. Combining this with DeDonder’s extent of reaction variable and using the reaction of <span>\\\\(\\\\hbox {NH}_3\\\\)</span> to <span>\\\\(\\\\hbox {H}_2\\\\)</span> and <span>\\\\(\\\\hbox {N}_2\\\\)</span> at <span>\\\\(200^{\\\\circ }\\\\hbox {C}\\\\)</span> as an example shows the difference between total work energy and available work energy, and in addition allows calculation of the equilibrium composition, demonstration of the minimum in the Gibbs energy curve, and the standard relationship between <span>\\\\(\\\\Delta _\\\\textrm{r}G^{\\\\circ }\\\\)</span> and <span>\\\\(\\\\ln {K}\\\\)</span></p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":568,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Foundations of Chemistry\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-07-24\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Foundations of Chemistry\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"92\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10698-024-09514-0\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"化学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Foundations of Chemistry","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10698-024-09514-0","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE","Score":null,"Total":0}
The meaning of the once widely used term the Gibbs Free Energy in terms of available work energy is perfectly illustrated for chemical reactions by the Van’t Hoff Equilibrium Box. Combining this with DeDonder’s extent of reaction variable and using the reaction of \(\hbox {NH}_3\) to \(\hbox {H}_2\) and \(\hbox {N}_2\) at \(200^{\circ }\hbox {C}\) as an example shows the difference between total work energy and available work energy, and in addition allows calculation of the equilibrium composition, demonstration of the minimum in the Gibbs energy curve, and the standard relationship between \(\Delta _\textrm{r}G^{\circ }\) and \(\ln {K}\)
期刊介绍：
Foundations of Chemistry is an international journal which seeks to provide an interdisciplinary forum where chemists, biochemists, philosophers, historians, educators and sociologists with an interest in foundational issues can discuss conceptual and fundamental issues which relate to the `central science'' of chemistry. Such issues include the autonomous role of chemistry between physics and biology and the question of the reduction of chemistry to quantum mechanics. The journal will publish peer-reviewed academic articles on a wide range of subdisciplines, among others: chemical models, chemical language, metaphors, and theoretical terms; chemical evolution and artificial self-replication; industrial application, environmental concern, and the social and ethical aspects of chemistry''s professionalism; the nature of modeling and the role of instrumentation in chemistry; institutional studies and the nature of explanation in the chemical sciences; theoretical chemistry, molecular structure and chaos; the issue of realism; molecular biology, bio-inorganic chemistry; historical studies on ancient chemistry, medieval chemistry and alchemy; philosophical and historical articles; and material of a didactic nature relating to all topics in the chemical sciences. Foundations of Chemistry plans to feature special issues devoted to particular themes, and will contain book reviews and discussion notes. Audience: chemists, biochemists, philosophers, historians, chemical educators, sociologists, and other scientists with an interest in the foundational issues of science.
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