Cumulative impact assessment of groundwater quality using water quality index, leachate pollution index, and GIS: A case study of Shivri Municipal Landfill Site, Lucknow, India

The current research shows the analysis of the quality of groundwater close to a landfill in Lucknow City, in Uttar Pradesh, India. Calculating the leachate pollution index (LPI) and water quality index (WQI) has been done to evaluate the quality of the groundwater and the leachate near the site. A very high value of LPI (27.54) indicates that there was a substantial amount of contaminants at the landfill site. the calculation of WQI for the groundwater samples has been done and a map for showing its spatial distribution has been prepared for the analysis of the WQI, revealing that 40% of the groundwater specimens are excellent alongside 60% of the groundwater is in a good category. the spatial distribution of WQI illustrates that the majority of the region around the site of the landfill is in the good category and the remaining is in the excellent category. The experimental result of the physicochemical analysis for groundwater revealed that water is satisfactory and fit for drinking and other domestic use and only some parameters like total alkalinity, total hardness, EC, TDS, sodium, magnesium, calcium, and sulfate are above the desirable limit set by Indian standard (IS10500: 2012). This study also emphasizes the importance of LPI and WQI as a monitoring tool for the policymakers and the government body for preventing and safeguarding the risk of groundwater contamination from leachate.