对魁北克省蒙特利尔附近全新世断层疤痕的调查:加拿大东部第一条古地震沟

Aube Gourdeau, Veronica B. Prush, Christie D. Rowe, Claudine Nackers, H. Mark, Isabel Morris, Philippe Rosset, Michel Lamothe, Luc Chouinard, M. Tarling
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摘要

魁北克曾在多个地震带发生过历史性破坏性地震(如 1732 年 M5.8 蒙特利尔地震、1663 年 M7 沙勒沃瓦地震、1935 年 M6.2 泰米斯卡明戈地震)。尽管地震发生率很高,但由于植被茂密、近期冰川作用、地震记录稀少以及区域应变率低,尚未发现地表破坏性断层。我们手动搜索了该地区的激光雷达数字高程模型(DEM),以寻找整个魁北克省南部冰川期后潜在的地表破裂断层,并在蒙特利尔以北 50 公里处发现了一个 $\sim$ 的陡坡。我们进行了三次地球物理勘测(地面穿透雷达、环境地震噪声深度估算和折射地震学),发现了一个被掩埋的疤痕,并通过一个深度小于 1 米的人工挖掘试验坑进行了确认。这些观察结果说服我们在 2023 年 7 月挖掘了魁北克省第一条古地震坑道,以测试是否存在地表破坏断层。我们发现了一个冰川二迭体,其中没有同步或后冰川变形的迹象。在本文中,我们介绍了导致确定疤痕和假设断层的观测结果。我们强调了在具有挑战性的环境中进行沟槽挖掘以确认近期断层疤痕的重要性。我们希望我们的研究能够用于优化未来在魁北克省和类似的地壳内冰川地貌中的古地震研究。
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Investigation of suspected Holocene fault scarp near Montréal, Québec: The first paleoseismic trench in eastern Canada
Québec has experienced historical damaging earthquakes in several seismic zones (e.g. 1732 M5.8 Montréal, 1663 M7 Charlevoix, 1935 M6.2 Témiscamingue). Despite a high seismicity rate, no surface-rupturing faults have been discovered due to a combination of dense vegetation cover, recent glaciation, sparse earthquake records, and low regional strain rates. We manually searched lidar-derived digital elevation models (DEMs) of the region to search for potential post-glacial surface-rupturing faults across southern Québec and identified a scarp $\sim$50km north of Montréal. We performed three geophysical surveys (ground penetrating radar, depth estimates from ambient seismic noise, and refraction seismology) that revealed a buried scarp, confirmed with a <1 m-deep hand-dug test pit. These observations convinced us to excavate the first paleoseismic trench in Québec to test for the presence of a surface-rupturing fault in July 2023. We found a glacial diamict containing no signs of syn- or post-glacial deformation. In this paper, we present the observations that led to the identification of a scarp and hypothesized faulting. We highlight the importance of trenching to confirm recent fault scarps in challenging environments. We hope our study can be used to optimize future paleoseismic research in the province of Québec and similar intracratonic glaciated landscapes.
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Investigation of suspected Holocene fault scarp near Montréal, Québec: The first paleoseismic trench in eastern Canada Statistical distribution of static stress resolved onto geometrically-rough faults An exploration of potentially reversible controls on millennial-scale variations in the slip rate of seismogenic faults: Linking structural observations with variable earthquake recurrence patterns Earthquake source inversion by integrated fiber-optic sensing Curated Regional Earthquake Waveforms (CREW) Dataset
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