The Historical Reforestation Processes of Dune Systems in the Balearic Islands

The study examines human influence on the evolution of beach-dune systems in the Balearic Islands, focusing on afforestation with Pinus halepensis. Historically, actions have been taken to stabilize these areas, significantly impacting the morphology and dynamics of the systems. Through a historical review and analysis of 31 such systems, it is evident that the presence of Pinus halepensis is largely associated with human interventions, significantly affecting the vegetation structure and biodiversity conservation. The systems exhibit variations in size and conservation status, reflecting historical afforestation practices and current challenges in managing these ecosystems.