改进型 SBAS-InSAR 技术揭示三维冰川崩塌:青藏高原案例研究

Land Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI:10.3390/land13081126
Xinyao Wang, Jiayi Yao, Yanbo Cao, Jiaming Yao
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引用次数: 0

摘要

青藏高原广泛分布着许多碎屑覆盖的冰川。冰川是重要的淡水资源,也是造成冰川崩塌和滑坡等灾害的原因。因此,监测大型活动冰川的运动特征,分析其大规模迁移过程,对可能对道路和周边地区居民造成严重威胁和破坏的冰川具有重要意义。本研究选择了西藏鲁朗县活动性较强的冰川作为研究区域。利用基于上升和下降 Sentinel-1 数据集的改进型小基线子集 InSAR(SBAS-InSAR)技术,估算了该冰川完整的 4 年时间序列形变。然后,利用三维分解技术获得了冰川的三维时间序列变形场。此外,还分析了冰川的三维运动及其物质迁移过程。结果表明,鲁朗冰川在水平方向和垂直方向上的运动速度分别高达 8.0 米/年和 0.45 米/年,与历史光学图像计算出的运动速度基本一致。滑坡后两侧的碎屑堆积在河道中,三个产地的物质流失量达到 6-9×103 立方米/年,冰川的体积也因积雪融化和蒸发而减少了约 76×103 立方米/年。降水量、温度和地表速度之间的相关性表明,冰川速度与降水量、温度和地表速度有着明显的联系,冰川的活动与气候变化有关。因此,在全球变暖的背景下,冰川运动速度将随着气温的逐年升高而逐渐加快,从而导致未来夏季高温期的泥石流灾害。
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The Improved SBAS-InSAR Technique Reveals Three-Dimensional Glacier Collapse: A Case Study in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Many debris-covered glaciers are widely distributed on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Glaciers are important freshwater resources and cause disasters such as glacier collapse and landslides. Therefore, it is of great significance to monitor the movement characteristics of large active glaciers and analyze the process of mass migration, which may cause serious threats and damage to roads and people living in surrounding areas. In this study, we chose a glacier with strong activity in Lulang County, Tibet, as the study area. The complete 4-year time series deformation of the glacier was estimated by using an improved small-baseline subset InSAR (SBAS-InSAR) technique based on the ascending and descending Sentinel-1 datasets. Then, the three-dimensional time series deformation field of the glacier was obtained by using the 3D decomposition technique. Furthermore, the three-dimensional movement of the glacier and its material migration process were analyzed. The results showed that the velocities of the Lulang glacier in horizontal and vertical directions were up to 8.0 m/year and 0.45 m/year, and these were basically consistent with the movement rate calculated from the historical optical images. Debris on both sides of the slope accumulated in the channel after slipping, and the material loss of the three provenances reached 6–9 × 103 m3/year, while the volume of the glacier also decreased by about 76 × 103 m3/year due to snow melting and evaporation. The correlation between the precipitation, temperature, and surface velocity suggests that glacier velocity has a clear association with them, and the activity of glaciers is linked to climate change. Therefore, in the context of global warming, the glacier movement speed will gradually increase with the annual increase in temperature, resulting in debris flow disasters in the future summer high-temperature period.
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