Chad Hill, Marco Madella, N. Whitehouse, Carolina Jiménez-Arteaga, Emily Hammer, J. Bates, Lynn Welton, S. Biagetti, Johanna Hilpert, Kathleen D. Morrison
Anthropogenic land cover change (ALCC) models, commonly used for climate modeling, tend to utilize relatively simplistic models of human interaction with the environment. They have historically relied on unsophisticated assumptions about the temporal and spatial variability of the area needed to support one person: per capita land use (PCLU). To help refine ALCC models, we used a range of data sources to build a new database that attempts to bring together PCLU data with significant time depth and a global perspective. This new database can provide new nuance for our understanding of the variability in land use among and between time periods and regions, data that will have wide applicability for continued research into past human land use and present land-use change, and can hopefully help improve existing ALCC models. An example is provided, showing the potential impact of new PCLU data on land-use mapping in the Middle East at 6000 BP.
{"title":"Per Capita Land Use through Time and Space: A New Database for (Pre)Historic Land-Use Reconstructions","authors":"Chad Hill, Marco Madella, N. Whitehouse, Carolina Jiménez-Arteaga, Emily Hammer, J. Bates, Lynn Welton, S. Biagetti, Johanna Hilpert, Kathleen D. Morrison","doi":"10.3390/land13081144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land13081144","url":null,"abstract":"Anthropogenic land cover change (ALCC) models, commonly used for climate modeling, tend to utilize relatively simplistic models of human interaction with the environment. They have historically relied on unsophisticated assumptions about the temporal and spatial variability of the area needed to support one person: per capita land use (PCLU). To help refine ALCC models, we used a range of data sources to build a new database that attempts to bring together PCLU data with significant time depth and a global perspective. This new database can provide new nuance for our understanding of the variability in land use among and between time periods and regions, data that will have wide applicability for continued research into past human land use and present land-use change, and can hopefully help improve existing ALCC models. An example is provided, showing the potential impact of new PCLU data on land-use mapping in the Middle East at 6000 BP.","PeriodicalId":508186,"journal":{"name":"Land","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141801687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Climate change has become a major worldwide problem, and land use/cover change has consistently played a crucial role in impacting the carbon cycle within terrestrial ecosystems. Territorial spatial planning stands as a relatively good policy option for the low-carbon model. The spatial correlation between carbon emissions and land use was established through environmental parameters in this paper. The territorial spatial structures in 2035 and 2060 under two scenarios of natural evolution and low-carbon development were simulated through the PLUS model. The results indicate that the spatial pattern of decreasing carbon emissions centered on towns, cities, mines, and industries is related to regional economic development, the distribution of forests, and the urban ecological environment. The implementation of territorial spatial planning aids in achieving carbon neutrality, whereas the low-carbon development scenario is more focused on it, which can provide ideas for territorial spatial planning adjustments. Both scenarios result in a large area of fallow land, indicating some conflict between farmland protection and low-carbon development. Optimizing management measures, energy structure, and industrial layout and strengthening regional coordination are key to promoting low-carbon development. This study might be useful in formulating regional carbon-neutral policies and improving territorial spatial planning.
气候变化已成为一个重大的世界性问题，而土地利用/覆盖变化在影响陆地生态系统的碳循环方面一直发挥着至关重要的作用。国土空间规划是低碳模式中相对较好的政策选择。本文通过环境参数确定了碳排放与土地利用之间的空间相关性。通过 PLUS 模型模拟了 2035 年和 2060 年自然演化和低碳发展两种情景下的国土空间结构。结果表明，以城镇、矿山和工业为中心的碳排放下降空间格局与区域经济发展、森林分布和城市生态环境有关。全域空间规划的实施有助于实现碳中和，而低碳发展情景则更加注重碳中和，这可以为全域空间规划调整提供思路。两种情景都会造成大面积的休耕地，说明耕地保护与低碳发展之间存在一定的冲突。优化管理措施、能源结构和产业布局，加强区域协调是促进低碳发展的关键。这项研究可能有助于制定区域碳中和政策，完善国土空间规划。
{"title":"Optimizing Territorial Spatial Structures within the Framework of Carbon Neutrality: A Case Study of Wuan","authors":"Xiangxue Han, Meichen Fu, Jingheng Wang, Sijia Li","doi":"10.3390/land13081147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land13081147","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change has become a major worldwide problem, and land use/cover change has consistently played a crucial role in impacting the carbon cycle within terrestrial ecosystems. Territorial spatial planning stands as a relatively good policy option for the low-carbon model. The spatial correlation between carbon emissions and land use was established through environmental parameters in this paper. The territorial spatial structures in 2035 and 2060 under two scenarios of natural evolution and low-carbon development were simulated through the PLUS model. The results indicate that the spatial pattern of decreasing carbon emissions centered on towns, cities, mines, and industries is related to regional economic development, the distribution of forests, and the urban ecological environment. The implementation of territorial spatial planning aids in achieving carbon neutrality, whereas the low-carbon development scenario is more focused on it, which can provide ideas for territorial spatial planning adjustments. Both scenarios result in a large area of fallow land, indicating some conflict between farmland protection and low-carbon development. Optimizing management measures, energy structure, and industrial layout and strengthening regional coordination are key to promoting low-carbon development. This study might be useful in formulating regional carbon-neutral policies and improving territorial spatial planning.","PeriodicalId":508186,"journal":{"name":"Land","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141801706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The functional structure of territorial space is an important factor for analyzing the interaction between humans and nature. However, the classification of remote sensing images struggles to distinguish between multiple functions provided by the same land use type. Therefore, we propose a framework to combine multi-source data for the recognition of dominant functions at the block level. Taking the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area (GBA) as a case study, its block-level ‘production–living–ecology’ functions were interpreted. The whole GBA was first divided into different blocks and its total, average, and proportional functional intensities were then calculated. Each block was labeled as a functional type considering the attributes of human activity and social information. The results show that the combination of land use/cover data, point of interest identification, and open street maps can efficiently separate the multiple and mixed functions of the same land use types. There is a great difference in the dominant functions of the cities in the GBA, and the spatial heterogeneity of their mixed functions is closely related to the development of their land resources and socio-economy. This provides a new perspective for recognizing the spatial structure of territorial space and can give important data for regulating and optimizing landscape patterns during sustainable development.
{"title":"Mapping the Functional Structure of Urban Agglomerations at the Block Level: A New Spatial Classification That Goes Beyond Land Use","authors":"Bin Ai, Zhenlin Lai, Shifa Ma","doi":"10.3390/land13081148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land13081148","url":null,"abstract":"The functional structure of territorial space is an important factor for analyzing the interaction between humans and nature. However, the classification of remote sensing images struggles to distinguish between multiple functions provided by the same land use type. Therefore, we propose a framework to combine multi-source data for the recognition of dominant functions at the block level. Taking the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area (GBA) as a case study, its block-level ‘production–living–ecology’ functions were interpreted. The whole GBA was first divided into different blocks and its total, average, and proportional functional intensities were then calculated. Each block was labeled as a functional type considering the attributes of human activity and social information. The results show that the combination of land use/cover data, point of interest identification, and open street maps can efficiently separate the multiple and mixed functions of the same land use types. There is a great difference in the dominant functions of the cities in the GBA, and the spatial heterogeneity of their mixed functions is closely related to the development of their land resources and socio-economy. This provides a new perspective for recognizing the spatial structure of territorial space and can give important data for regulating and optimizing landscape patterns during sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":508186,"journal":{"name":"Land","volume":"27 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141801522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Aishan, Jian Song, Ü. Halik, F. Betz, Asadilla Yusup
Under the influences of climate change and human activities, habitat quality (HQ) in inland river basins continues to decline. Studying the spatiotemporal distributions of land use and HQ can provide support for sustainable development strategies of the ecological environment in arid regions. Therefore, this study utilized the SD-PLUS model, InVEST-HQ model, and Geodetector to assess and simulate the land-use changes and HQ in the Tarim River Basin (TRB) at multiple scales (county and grid scales) and scenarios (SSP126, SSP245, and SSP585). The results indicated that (1) the Figure of Merit (FoM) values for Globeland 30, China’s 30 m annual land-cover product, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (30 m) product were 0.22, 0.12, and 0.15, respectively. A comparison of land-use datasets with different resolutions revealed that the kappa value tended to decline as the resolution decreased. (2) In 2000, 2010, and 2020, the HQ values were 0.4656, 0.4646, and 0.5143, respectively. Under the SSP126 and SSP245 scenarios, the HQ values showed an increasing trend: for the years 2030, 2040, and 2050, they were 0.4797, 0.4834, and 0.4855 and 0.4805, 0.4861, and 0.4924, respectively. Under SSP585, the HQ values first increased and then decreased, with values of 0.4791, 0.4800, and 0.4766 for 2030, 2040, and 2050, respectively. (3) Under three scenarios, areas with improved HQ were mainly located in the southern and northern high mountain regions and around urban areas, while areas with diminished HQ were primarily in the western part of the basin and central urban areas. (4) At the county scale, the spatial correlation was not significant, with Moran’s I ranging between 0.07 and 0.12, except in 2000 and 2020. At the grid scale, the spatial correlation was significant, with clear high- and low-value clustering (Moran’s I between 0.80 and 0.83). This study will assist land-use planners and policymakers in formulating sustainable development policies to promote ecological civilization in the basin.
{"title":"Predicting Land-Use Change Trends and Habitat Quality in the Tarim River Basin: A Perspective with Climate Change Scenarios and Multiple Scales","authors":"T. Aishan, Jian Song, Ü. Halik, F. Betz, Asadilla Yusup","doi":"10.3390/land13081146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land13081146","url":null,"abstract":"Under the influences of climate change and human activities, habitat quality (HQ) in inland river basins continues to decline. Studying the spatiotemporal distributions of land use and HQ can provide support for sustainable development strategies of the ecological environment in arid regions. Therefore, this study utilized the SD-PLUS model, InVEST-HQ model, and Geodetector to assess and simulate the land-use changes and HQ in the Tarim River Basin (TRB) at multiple scales (county and grid scales) and scenarios (SSP126, SSP245, and SSP585). The results indicated that (1) the Figure of Merit (FoM) values for Globeland 30, China’s 30 m annual land-cover product, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (30 m) product were 0.22, 0.12, and 0.15, respectively. A comparison of land-use datasets with different resolutions revealed that the kappa value tended to decline as the resolution decreased. (2) In 2000, 2010, and 2020, the HQ values were 0.4656, 0.4646, and 0.5143, respectively. Under the SSP126 and SSP245 scenarios, the HQ values showed an increasing trend: for the years 2030, 2040, and 2050, they were 0.4797, 0.4834, and 0.4855 and 0.4805, 0.4861, and 0.4924, respectively. Under SSP585, the HQ values first increased and then decreased, with values of 0.4791, 0.4800, and 0.4766 for 2030, 2040, and 2050, respectively. (3) Under three scenarios, areas with improved HQ were mainly located in the southern and northern high mountain regions and around urban areas, while areas with diminished HQ were primarily in the western part of the basin and central urban areas. (4) At the county scale, the spatial correlation was not significant, with Moran’s I ranging between 0.07 and 0.12, except in 2000 and 2020. At the grid scale, the spatial correlation was significant, with clear high- and low-value clustering (Moran’s I between 0.80 and 0.83). This study will assist land-use planners and policymakers in formulating sustainable development policies to promote ecological civilization in the basin.","PeriodicalId":508186,"journal":{"name":"Land","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141802163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Native fescue grassland degradation and reductions in plant species diversity due to smooth brome (Bromus inermis Leyss.) invasion and dominance have far ranging consequences for both human and ecological systems. A study was undertaken to reduce smooth brome which was invading foothills fescue grassland in Canada and displacing native species. Sheep and cattle grazing, mowing, glyphosate, and burning were applied to control smooth brome-dominant grasslands over three growing seasons. Defoliation (5 to 10 cm, 2 to 4 times) did not reduce smooth brome tiller density, etiolated regrowth, or total non-structural carbohydrates; however, the three heaviest defoliation treatments (sheep 3×, cattle 3×, mowing 4×) reduced smooth brome composition by year 3. Repeated glyphosate wicking (1× year 1, 2× year 2) was the most effective treatment and reduced smooth brome tiller density by 50% by year 3. Early-spring burning, as smooth brome began to grow, stressed the plants and reduced tiller density. Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), the subdominant species, increased in all treatments except the reference; thus, reducing smooth brome may result in another undesirable species becoming dominant.
{"title":"Management Impacts on Non-Native Smooth Brome (Bromus inermis Leyss.) Control in a Native Fescue Grassland in Canada","authors":"Debra J. Brown, A. Dhar, M. Naeth","doi":"10.3390/land13081142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land13081142","url":null,"abstract":"Native fescue grassland degradation and reductions in plant species diversity due to smooth brome (Bromus inermis Leyss.) invasion and dominance have far ranging consequences for both human and ecological systems. A study was undertaken to reduce smooth brome which was invading foothills fescue grassland in Canada and displacing native species. Sheep and cattle grazing, mowing, glyphosate, and burning were applied to control smooth brome-dominant grasslands over three growing seasons. Defoliation (5 to 10 cm, 2 to 4 times) did not reduce smooth brome tiller density, etiolated regrowth, or total non-structural carbohydrates; however, the three heaviest defoliation treatments (sheep 3×, cattle 3×, mowing 4×) reduced smooth brome composition by year 3. Repeated glyphosate wicking (1× year 1, 2× year 2) was the most effective treatment and reduced smooth brome tiller density by 50% by year 3. Early-spring burning, as smooth brome began to grow, stressed the plants and reduced tiller density. Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), the subdominant species, increased in all treatments except the reference; thus, reducing smooth brome may result in another undesirable species becoming dominant.","PeriodicalId":508186,"journal":{"name":"Land","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141798886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Grasslands provide a wide range of provision, support, regulation, and cultural ecosystem services (ESs), whose valuation methods can be grouped into three categories (ecological, sociocultural, and economic). The present manuscript aims to provide an overview of academic studies on grassland ESs and of the most used economic evaluation methods. To this end, a systematic and bibliometric review was conducted using the scientific database Scopus and the VOSviewer software. The results highlighted that China and the USA were the main countries with the highest number of publications regarding ESs provided by grasslands. The number of publications began to grow starting in 2005, thanks, perhaps, to the publication of influential documents, such as the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, and the general increase in interest in ecological policy issues. The year 2023 had the highest number of documents in absolute (646), demonstrating the timeliness, importance, and relevance of this research topic. The most studied grassland ES has been carbon storage; however, a central role was played also by biodiversity. In this context, papers that estimated grassland ESs from an economic perspective represented only 3% of all papers that Scopus has returned. More than half of these referred to the use of equivalent coefficients to calculate the ES value of different land uses/land cover categories or, at most, of 11 types of ES. All this highlights the difficulty in estimating individual ESs provided by grasslands from an economic point of view and the greater propensity to use physical, chemical, and biological indicators. Consequently, the sustainable management of grasslands requires more studies on the economic evaluation of their ES, as well as environmental aspects in the economic accounting of governments, or to implement a support system for farms in delivering various ecosystem services.
草地提供广泛的供给、支持、调节和文化生态系统服务（ES），其评估方法可分为三类（生态、社会文化和经济）。本手稿旨在概述有关草原生态系统服务的学术研究以及最常用的经济评估方法。为此，我们使用科学数据库 Scopus 和 VOSviewer 软件进行了系统的文献计量学综述。结果表明，中国和美国是发表有关草地提供的生态系统服务的论文数量最多的主要国家。也许是由于《千年生态系统评估》等有影响力的文件的出版以及人们对生态政策问题的普遍关注，从 2005 年开始，出版物的数量开始增长。2023 年的文件绝对数量最多（646 篇），这表明了该研究课题的及时性、重要性和相关性。研究最多的草原生态系统服务是碳储存；不过，生物多样性也发挥着核心作用。在这种情况下，从经济角度估算草原生态系统服务的论文仅占 Scopus 检索到的所有论文的 3%。其中一半以上提到使用等效系数来计算不同土地利用/土地覆盖类别的 ES 价值，或最多计算 11 种 ES 的价值。所有这些都凸显了从经济角度估算草地所提供的单项环境服务的难度，以及更倾向于使用物理、化学和生物指标。因此，要实现草地的可持续管理，就需要对草地生态系统服务的经济评估以及政府经济核算中的环境问题进行更多的研究，或为农场提供各种生态系统服务实施支持系统。
{"title":"Grassland Ecosystem Services: Their Economic Evaluation through a Systematic Review","authors":"Maria Pergola, Enrica De Falco, Michele Cerrato","doi":"10.3390/land13081143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land13081143","url":null,"abstract":"Grasslands provide a wide range of provision, support, regulation, and cultural ecosystem services (ESs), whose valuation methods can be grouped into three categories (ecological, sociocultural, and economic). The present manuscript aims to provide an overview of academic studies on grassland ESs and of the most used economic evaluation methods. To this end, a systematic and bibliometric review was conducted using the scientific database Scopus and the VOSviewer software. The results highlighted that China and the USA were the main countries with the highest number of publications regarding ESs provided by grasslands. The number of publications began to grow starting in 2005, thanks, perhaps, to the publication of influential documents, such as the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, and the general increase in interest in ecological policy issues. The year 2023 had the highest number of documents in absolute (646), demonstrating the timeliness, importance, and relevance of this research topic. The most studied grassland ES has been carbon storage; however, a central role was played also by biodiversity. In this context, papers that estimated grassland ESs from an economic perspective represented only 3% of all papers that Scopus has returned. More than half of these referred to the use of equivalent coefficients to calculate the ES value of different land uses/land cover categories or, at most, of 11 types of ES. All this highlights the difficulty in estimating individual ESs provided by grasslands from an economic point of view and the greater propensity to use physical, chemical, and biological indicators. Consequently, the sustainable management of grasslands requires more studies on the economic evaluation of their ES, as well as environmental aspects in the economic accounting of governments, or to implement a support system for farms in delivering various ecosystem services.","PeriodicalId":508186,"journal":{"name":"Land","volume":"47 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141798981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social capital plays a crucial role in enhancing community resilience during flood disasters. This study investigates the influence of social capital on community resilience in Nanjing, China. Social capital is composed of five aspects: cohesion, collective efficacy, sense of belonging, trust and reciprocity and informal social control. Factor analysis and multiple regression analysis are employed to analyze the dimensions of social capital and its impact on community resilience. Our results demonstrate that social cohesion and collective efficacy are the most representative factors of social capital. Reformed housing communities typically have higher cohesion than those in commercial and affordable housing. Affordable housing communities in flood-prone areas have higher collective efficacy but lower trust and reciprocity. Commercial housing communities have higher informal social control but have great internal differences in collective efficacy. We strongly urge government decision makers to enhance flood resilience by fostering social capital within local communities.
{"title":"The Impact of Social Capital on Community Resilience: A Comparative Study of Seven Flood-Prone Communities in Nanjing, China","authors":"Yi Chen, Hui Liu, Shuchang Lin, Yueping Wang, Qian Zhang, Liaoling Feng","doi":"10.3390/land13081145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land13081145","url":null,"abstract":"Social capital plays a crucial role in enhancing community resilience during flood disasters. This study investigates the influence of social capital on community resilience in Nanjing, China. Social capital is composed of five aspects: cohesion, collective efficacy, sense of belonging, trust and reciprocity and informal social control. Factor analysis and multiple regression analysis are employed to analyze the dimensions of social capital and its impact on community resilience. Our results demonstrate that social cohesion and collective efficacy are the most representative factors of social capital. Reformed housing communities typically have higher cohesion than those in commercial and affordable housing. Affordable housing communities in flood-prone areas have higher collective efficacy but lower trust and reciprocity. Commercial housing communities have higher informal social control but have great internal differences in collective efficacy. We strongly urge government decision makers to enhance flood resilience by fostering social capital within local communities.","PeriodicalId":508186,"journal":{"name":"Land","volume":"34 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141800734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shichao Lu, Zhihua Zhang, M. C. Crabbe, Prin Suntichaikul
Chiang Mai is an emerging tourism-oriented city in Thailand. The booming tourism industry during the past decades has triggered significant expansion in its urban land area, resulting in a large number of newly-built residential communities appearing on unplanned land. In this study, we used multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR)-based hedonic price analysis to investigate 4624 housing transactions from 524 residential communities in Chiang Mai. This showed that the recent land-use planning in Chiang Mai has had unusual effects on housing prices; specifically, the effects of accessibility to hospitals, primary and secondary schools, green parks, and shopping malls could be ignored, demonstrating that local residents were well satisfied with land-use planning for high-quality medical and education sources and good living environments throughout the whole of Chiang Mai, and that no more land-use planning and investment on these facilities was needed. However, limited bus routes were only used for tourism and could not provide convenient routes for local residents, leading to their negative effects on housing prices in downtown areas, so the local government should lower the bus stop density in downtown areas and strengthen the transportation links between downtown areas and suburbs. Our study will not only support the urban land planning department of Chiang Mai to optimize residential communities and nearby facilities, but can also provide insights into housing price formation mechanisms in similar tourism-oriented cities in Thailand and beyond.
{"title":"Effects of Urban Land-Use Planning on Housing Prices in Chiang Mai, Thailand","authors":"Shichao Lu, Zhihua Zhang, M. C. Crabbe, Prin Suntichaikul","doi":"10.3390/land13081136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land13081136","url":null,"abstract":"Chiang Mai is an emerging tourism-oriented city in Thailand. The booming tourism industry during the past decades has triggered significant expansion in its urban land area, resulting in a large number of newly-built residential communities appearing on unplanned land. In this study, we used multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR)-based hedonic price analysis to investigate 4624 housing transactions from 524 residential communities in Chiang Mai. This showed that the recent land-use planning in Chiang Mai has had unusual effects on housing prices; specifically, the effects of accessibility to hospitals, primary and secondary schools, green parks, and shopping malls could be ignored, demonstrating that local residents were well satisfied with land-use planning for high-quality medical and education sources and good living environments throughout the whole of Chiang Mai, and that no more land-use planning and investment on these facilities was needed. However, limited bus routes were only used for tourism and could not provide convenient routes for local residents, leading to their negative effects on housing prices in downtown areas, so the local government should lower the bus stop density in downtown areas and strengthen the transportation links between downtown areas and suburbs. Our study will not only support the urban land planning department of Chiang Mai to optimize residential communities and nearby facilities, but can also provide insights into housing price formation mechanisms in similar tourism-oriented cities in Thailand and beyond.","PeriodicalId":508186,"journal":{"name":"Land","volume":"46 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141805100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
REDD+ aims to mitigate climate change by reducing deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries while ensuring social and environmental benefits through the involvement of diverse stakeholders. While several studies evaluate stakeholder participation in various aspects of REDD+, such as the level and type of stakeholder participation at both the project and national context level, there is a lack of research on how the government conducted the consultation meetings across all administrative levels. The objective of this study is to evaluate the participation of different stakeholders in REDD+ in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), or Laos, funded by the World Bank, with a focus on analyzing government consultation processes to identify drivers of deforestation and forest degradation. The study applied both a literature review and online interviews, conducted with government officials and representatives of CSOs, which took place from March to April 2020. The results indicate significant involvement from cross-sectoral stakeholders. However, central government agencies and development partners dominated stakeholder participation, potentially influenced by government ownership. Non-state stakeholders, though invited to the consultations, had limited participation, highlighting the need for greater emphasis on their roles to ensure the integration of diverse interests and views in the REDD+ initiative.
{"title":"Stakeholder Participation in REDD+ Program: The Case of the Consultation Process in Laos","authors":"Soukphavanh Sawathvong, K. Hyakumura, T. Fujisaki","doi":"10.3390/land13081137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land13081137","url":null,"abstract":"REDD+ aims to mitigate climate change by reducing deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries while ensuring social and environmental benefits through the involvement of diverse stakeholders. While several studies evaluate stakeholder participation in various aspects of REDD+, such as the level and type of stakeholder participation at both the project and national context level, there is a lack of research on how the government conducted the consultation meetings across all administrative levels. The objective of this study is to evaluate the participation of different stakeholders in REDD+ in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), or Laos, funded by the World Bank, with a focus on analyzing government consultation processes to identify drivers of deforestation and forest degradation. The study applied both a literature review and online interviews, conducted with government officials and representatives of CSOs, which took place from March to April 2020. The results indicate significant involvement from cross-sectoral stakeholders. However, central government agencies and development partners dominated stakeholder participation, potentially influenced by government ownership. Non-state stakeholders, though invited to the consultations, had limited participation, highlighting the need for greater emphasis on their roles to ensure the integration of diverse interests and views in the REDD+ initiative.","PeriodicalId":508186,"journal":{"name":"Land","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141802756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liudan Jiao, Bowei Han, Qilin Tan, Yu Zhang, X. Huo, Liu Wu, Ya Wu
Urban development is facing increasingly complex disturbances. Assessing large cities’ urban resilience is important for improving their ability to withstand disturbances and promoting sustainable development. Therefore, this paper establishes an improved assessment model for urban resilience based on the driving force–pressure–state–impact–response (DPSIR) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) model. The Malmquist index, Dagum Gini coefficient, and Markov chain were sequentially used for spatiotemporal evolution and differential resilience analysis. Then, 105 large Chinese cities were selected as case studies. The results indicate their overall resilience is relatively high; each year’s average resilience efficiency can achieve DEA effectiveness. The distribution pattern of resilience level presents a healthy olive-shaped structure. However, there is also a significant difference between the two poles. During the research period, the combined effect of technological efficiency improvement and technological progress resulted in the overall resilience slowly improving, and this process was more driven by technological innovation. At the same time, the overall regional difference in resilience also shows a narrowing trend, and the current spatial differences mainly come from the difference within subregions and super-density. In future transfer predictions, the resilience of large cities will show good stability with a higher probability of maintaining stability; if the resilience undergoes a transition, the probability of an increase will be higher than a decrease. Based on the life cycle process of resilience, this study selects indicators that can characterize the level of resilience according to the DPSIR model, which comprehensively reflects the characteristics of urban resilience. This study’s results can provide particular reference values for urban disaster response emergency planning and sustainable development construction, and it also provides new ideas for the assessment research of urban resilience.
城市发展正面临着日益复杂的干扰。评估大城市的城市恢复力对于提高其抵御干扰的能力、促进可持续发展具有重要意义。因此，本文在动力-压力-状态-影响-反应（DPSIR）和数据包络分析（DEA）模型的基础上，建立了一个改进的城市弹性评估模型。先后使用马尔奎斯特指数、达古姆基尼系数和马尔科夫链进行时空演化和差异韧性分析。然后，选择中国 105 个大城市作为案例进行研究。结果表明，这些城市的整体恢复力相对较高，每年的平均恢复力效率可以达到 DEA 的有效性。复原力水平的分布格局呈现出健康的橄榄型结构。但两极之间也存在明显差异。研究期间，在技术效率提升和技术进步的共同作用下，整体恢复力缓慢提升，而这一过程更多地受到技术创新的推动。与此同时，区域整体恢复力差异也呈现缩小趋势，目前的空间差异主要来自于次区域内部差异和超密度差异。在未来转移预测中，大城市的恢复力将呈现良好的稳定性，保持稳定的概率较高；如果恢复力发生转变，上升的概率将高于下降的概率。基于韧性的生命周期过程，本研究根据 DPSIR 模型选取了能够表征韧性水平的指标，全面反映了城市韧性的特征。该研究成果可为城市救灾应急规划和可持续发展建设提供特定的参考价值，也为城市抗灾能力的评估研究提供了新思路。
{"title":"An Improved DPSIR-DEA Assessment Model for Urban Resilience: A Case Study of 105 Large Cities in China","authors":"Liudan Jiao, Bowei Han, Qilin Tan, Yu Zhang, X. Huo, Liu Wu, Ya Wu","doi":"10.3390/land13081133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land13081133","url":null,"abstract":"Urban development is facing increasingly complex disturbances. Assessing large cities’ urban resilience is important for improving their ability to withstand disturbances and promoting sustainable development. Therefore, this paper establishes an improved assessment model for urban resilience based on the driving force–pressure–state–impact–response (DPSIR) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) model. The Malmquist index, Dagum Gini coefficient, and Markov chain were sequentially used for spatiotemporal evolution and differential resilience analysis. Then, 105 large Chinese cities were selected as case studies. The results indicate their overall resilience is relatively high; each year’s average resilience efficiency can achieve DEA effectiveness. The distribution pattern of resilience level presents a healthy olive-shaped structure. However, there is also a significant difference between the two poles. During the research period, the combined effect of technological efficiency improvement and technological progress resulted in the overall resilience slowly improving, and this process was more driven by technological innovation. At the same time, the overall regional difference in resilience also shows a narrowing trend, and the current spatial differences mainly come from the difference within subregions and super-density. In future transfer predictions, the resilience of large cities will show good stability with a higher probability of maintaining stability; if the resilience undergoes a transition, the probability of an increase will be higher than a decrease. Based on the life cycle process of resilience, this study selects indicators that can characterize the level of resilience according to the DPSIR model, which comprehensively reflects the characteristics of urban resilience. This study’s results can provide particular reference values for urban disaster response emergency planning and sustainable development construction, and it also provides new ideas for the assessment research of urban resilience.","PeriodicalId":508186,"journal":{"name":"Land","volume":"49 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141805189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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