中国的生态分区管理战略:生态系统服务供需视角

Land Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI:10.3390/land13071112
Xiaoyan Jiang, Boyu Wang, Qinhua Fang, Peiyuan Bai, Ting Guo, Qi Wu
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引用次数: 0

摘要

生态分区管理旨在确保生态功能和改善环境质量,是优化国土空间开发与保护的重要手段。然而,将人类需求与自然资源相结合的生态分区管理综合研究还相对较少。在本研究中,我们选取了水资源产量(WY)、粮食供应(FP)和碳固存(CS)作为中国的关键生态系统服务(ES)。采用 InVEST 模型、生态系统服务供需指数(ESI)、随机森林(RF)和时空加权回归(GTWR)分析了生态系统服务供需的时空特征和影响因素,并采用四象限模型分析了空间匹配模式。结果表明(1)从 2005 年到 2020 年,WY、FP 和 CS 的供需量均有所增加。其中,WY、FP、CS 供给量分别增加了 16.06%、34%、22.53%,需求量分别增加了 5.63%、12.4%、83.2)WY 和 CS 的供给呈现 "东南高、西北低 "的格局,而所有需求均呈现 "东高西低 "的格局;(3)中国 WY、FP 和 CS 的生态系统服务供需指数(ESI)均值分别为 0.45、0.12 和 -0.24,总体呈上升趋势。研究确定了 WY、FP 和 CS 三个主导功能区,以及保护区、保育区、改善区和重建区等四个分类管理区。这些研究成果为中国未来国土空间规划以及生态系统服务供需在可持续发展中的应用提供了科学依据。
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Ecological Zoning Management Strategies in China: A Perspective of Ecosystem Services Supply and Demand
Ecological zoning management aims to ensure ecological functions and improve environmental quality, serving as an essential means to optimize the development and protection of territorial space. However, comprehensive research on ecological zoning management that combines human needs with natural resources is still relatively scarce. In this study, we selected water yield (WY), food provision (FP), and carbon sequestration (CS) as the critical ecosystem services (ES) in China. An InVEST model, ecosystem services supply–demand index (ESI), random forest (RF), and geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) were used to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics and influencing factors of ES supply and demand, and the four-quadrant model was used to analyze the spatial matching patterns. The results showed that: (1) from 2005 to 2020, the supply and demand of WY, FP, and CS increased. Among them, WY, FP, and CS supply increased by 16.06%, 34%, and 22.53%, respectively, while demand increased by 5.63%, 12.4%, and 83.02%, respectively; (2) the supply of WY and CS follow a “high in the southeast and low in the northwest” pattern, while all of the demands exhibit a “high in the east and low in the west” pattern; and (3) the average ecosystem service supply–demand index (ESI) values for WY, FP, and CS in China are 0.45, 0.12, and −0.24, respectively, showing an overall upward trend. The study identified three dominant functional zones for WY, FP, and CS, and four classification management zones, including protection zones, conservation zones, improvement zones, and reconstruction zones. These research findings provide a scientific basis for future territorial space planning in China and the application of ecosystem service supply and demand in sustainable development.
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