水稻的抗旱性:生理学和生物化学见解

Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences International Journal of Plant Biology Pub Date : 2024-07-21 DOI:10.3390/ijpb15030051
Aysha Siddika Jarin, Md. Moshiul Islam, Al Rahat, Sujat Ahmed, Pallab Ghosh, Yoshiyuki Murata
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引用次数: 0

摘要

作为一种重要的粮食作物,水稻(Oryza sativa L.)需要比其他作物更多的水来完成其生命周期。因此,与水有关的胁迫对水稻产量构成严重威胁。干旱胁迫会导致形态变化,包括种子萌发受抑制、出苗率下降、叶面积指数、旗叶面积减少、卷叶增加,以及株高、植株生物量、分蘖数和千粒重等产量性状下降。胁迫还会导致活性氧(ROS)的形成,如 O2-、H2O2 和 OH-,从而促进植物的氧化胁迫并造成氧化损伤。水分胁迫导致的氧化降解过程会造成细胞损伤,减少养分摄入、光合速率、叶面积、RWC、WUE 和气孔关闭,这可能是土壤水分减少导致蒸腾速率和植物干物质减少的原因。植物具有产生抗氧化物的能力,这些抗氧化物可以是酶促的(SOD、POD、CAT、GPX、APX),也可以是非酶促的(AsA、GSH),以克服氧化胁迫。在干旱期间,一些生化渗透保护剂(如脯氨酸、多胺和糖类)会积累起来,从而增强水稻的抗旱能力。为了满足日益增长的人口和日益减少的水资源的需求,有必要培育出能够高度适应干旱环境的作物品种,同时还可能需要采取一些缓解策略。本研究旨在评估水稻植株对干旱的不同形态、生理和生化反应,以及缓解干旱胁迫的各种方法。
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Drought Stress Tolerance in Rice: Physiological and Biochemical Insights
Rice (Oryza sativa L.), an important food crop, necessitates more water to complete its life cycle than other crops. Therefore, there is a serious risk to rice output due to water-related stress. Drought stress results in morphological changes, including the inhibition of seed germination, reduced seeding growth, leaf area index, flag leaf area, increased leaf rolling, as well as the decrement of yield traits, such as plant height, plant biomass, number of tillers, and 1000-grain yield. Stress also causes the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as O2−, H2O2, and OH−, which promote oxidative stress in plants and cause oxidative damage. The process of oxidative degradation owing to water stress produces cell damage and a reduction in nutrient intake, photosynthetic rate, leaf area, RWC, WUE, and stomatal closure, which may be responsible for the decrement of the transpiration rate and plant dry matter under decreasing soil moisture. Plants have the ability to produce antioxidant species that can either be enzymatic (SOD, POD, CAT, GPX, APX) or non-enzymatic (AsA, GSH) in nature to overcome oxidative stress. During drought, several biochemical osmoprotectants, like proline, polyamines, and sugars, can be accumulated, which can enhance drought tolerance in rice. To meet the demands of an ever-growing population with diminishing water resources, it is necessary to have crop varieties that are highly adapted to dry environments, and it may also involve adopting some mitigation strategies. This study aims to assess the varying morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses of the rice plant to drought, and the various methods for alleviating drought stress.
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来源期刊
International Journal of Plant Biology
International Journal of Plant Biology Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Plant Science
CiteScore
2.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
44
审稿时长
10 weeks
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Plant Biology is an Open Access, online-only, peer-reviewed journal that considers scientific papers in all different subdisciplines of plant biology, such as physiology, molecular biology, cell biology, development, genetics, systematics, ecology, evolution, ecophysiology, plant-microbe interactions, mycology and phytopathology.
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