尸体解剖是兽医病理学的重要诊断步骤:过去、现在和未来展望

O. Orakpoghenor, A. Terfa
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摘要

尸体解剖或动物解剖是兽医病理学的基石,是诊断动物死亡原因和了解疾病过程的重要工具。从历史上看,尸体解剖的做法可以追溯到古代文明,文艺复兴时期的详细解剖研究标志着这一做法的重大进步。19 世纪,系统化的尸体解剖技术和对细胞病理学的重视进一步革新了兽医病理学。在当代兽医实践中,尸体解剖仍然是诊断不明原因死亡和疾病的黄金标准。通过识别人畜共患病病原体和预防疾病爆发,尸体解剖在公共卫生领域发挥着关键作用。尸体解剖对野生动物保护也至关重要,有助于调查死亡事件和评估生态系统健康状况。在兽医教育中,它为学生提供了重要的实践经验,而在研究中,它为研究疾病机制和开发新的诊断方法提供了标本。尸体解剖的未来发展包括计算机断层扫描和磁共振成像等数字成像技术、聚合酶链式反应和下一代测序等分子和遗传技术的整合,以及人工智能的利用。这些创新技术为转变诊疗方式提供了可能,从而使其更加高效和精确。此外,伦理方面的考虑和尸体解剖规程的标准化对于确保人道地处理动物遗体和研究结果的一致性也至关重要。总之,随着技术和科学认识的发展,尸体解剖将继续成为兽医学的宝贵财富,从而为动物健康、公共卫生以及教育和研究的进步做出重大贡献。
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Necropsy as an Important Diagnostic Step in Veterinary Pathology: The Past, Present, and Future Perspectives
Necropsy, or animal autopsy, is a cornerstone of veterinary pathology that serves as a critical tool for diagnosing the causes of death and understanding disease processes in animals. Historically, necropsy practices can be traced back to ancient civilizations, and the Renaissance period marked significant advancements with detailed anatomical studies. The 19th century further revolutionized veterinary pathology with systematic necropsy techniques and the emphasis on cellular pathology. In contemporary veterinary practice, necropsy remains a gold standard for diagnosing unexplained deaths and diseases. It plays a key role in public health by identifying zoonotic pathogens and preventing disease outbreaks. Necropsy is also crucial for wildlife conservation, helping to investigate mortality events and assess ecosystem health. In veterinary education, it provides essential hands-on experience for students, while in research, it offers specimens for studying disease mechanisms and developing new diagnostic methods. Future advancements in necropsy include the integration of digital imaging technologies such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, molecular and genetic techniques such as polymerase chain reaction and next-generation sequencing, and utilization of artificial intelligence. These innovations present potential toward transformation of the practice, thus making it more efficient and precise. Furthermore, ethical considerations and the standardization of necropsy protocols are essential to ensure the humane handling of animals remains and consistency in findings. In conclusion, as technology and scientific understanding evolve, necropsy will continue to be an invaluable asset in veterinary medicine, thus contributing significantly to animal health, public health, and educational and research advancements.
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