Necropsy, or animal autopsy, is a cornerstone of veterinary pathology that serves as a critical tool for diagnosing the causes of death and understanding disease processes in animals. Historically, necropsy practices can be traced back to ancient civilizations, and the Renaissance period marked significant advancements with detailed anatomical studies. The 19th century further revolutionized veterinary pathology with systematic necropsy techniques and the emphasis on cellular pathology. In contemporary veterinary practice, necropsy remains a gold standard for diagnosing unexplained deaths and diseases. It plays a key role in public health by identifying zoonotic pathogens and preventing disease outbreaks. Necropsy is also crucial for wildlife conservation, helping to investigate mortality events and assess ecosystem health. In veterinary education, it provides essential hands-on experience for students, while in research, it offers specimens for studying disease mechanisms and developing new diagnostic methods. Future advancements in necropsy include the integration of digital imaging technologies such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, molecular and genetic techniques such as polymerase chain reaction and next-generation sequencing, and utilization of artificial intelligence. These innovations present potential toward transformation of the practice, thus making it more efficient and precise. Furthermore, ethical considerations and the standardization of necropsy protocols are essential to ensure the humane handling of animals remains and consistency in findings. In conclusion, as technology and scientific understanding evolve, necropsy will continue to be an invaluable asset in veterinary medicine, thus contributing significantly to animal health, public health, and educational and research advancements.
{"title":"Necropsy as an Important Diagnostic Step in Veterinary Pathology: The Past, Present, and Future Perspectives","authors":"O. Orakpoghenor, A. Terfa","doi":"10.25259/rvsm_6_2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/rvsm_6_2024","url":null,"abstract":"Necropsy, or animal autopsy, is a cornerstone of veterinary pathology that serves as a critical tool for diagnosing the causes of death and understanding disease processes in animals. Historically, necropsy practices can be traced back to ancient civilizations, and the Renaissance period marked significant advancements with detailed anatomical studies. The 19th century further revolutionized veterinary pathology with systematic necropsy techniques and the emphasis on cellular pathology. In contemporary veterinary practice, necropsy remains a gold standard for diagnosing unexplained deaths and diseases. It plays a key role in public health by identifying zoonotic pathogens and preventing disease outbreaks. Necropsy is also crucial for wildlife conservation, helping to investigate mortality events and assess ecosystem health. In veterinary education, it provides essential hands-on experience for students, while in research, it offers specimens for studying disease mechanisms and developing new diagnostic methods. Future advancements in necropsy include the integration of digital imaging technologies such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, molecular and genetic techniques such as polymerase chain reaction and next-generation sequencing, and utilization of artificial intelligence. These innovations present potential toward transformation of the practice, thus making it more efficient and precise. Furthermore, ethical considerations and the standardization of necropsy protocols are essential to ensure the humane handling of animals remains and consistency in findings. In conclusion, as technology and scientific understanding evolve, necropsy will continue to be an invaluable asset in veterinary medicine, thus contributing significantly to animal health, public health, and educational and research advancements.","PeriodicalId":249115,"journal":{"name":"Research in Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"46 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141819459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatimah Olusa Ogolo, Ephraim Nwanga, O. Orakpoghenor, T. Markus, Adekunle Lawrence Bello
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) constitutes one of the major constraints in the development of the poultry industry, and sporadic outbreaks are still being reported in Nigeria. It is zoonotic, with several reports of human cases. The aim of this study was to determine the trend and distribution of HPAI outbreaks from 2015 to 2022 in Rivers State, Nigeria. Eight-year retrospective study was conducted by reviewing the Avian influenza (AI) line list and case reports of confirmed outbreaks of HPAI in Rivers State from the AI desk office. Data were cleaned, analyzed using descriptive statistics, and presented using tables and figures as appropriate. The outcomes showed that a total of 67 HPAI cases were reported in Rivers State from 2015 to 2022, with the highest (64.2%) reported in 2015 and lowest (1.5%) in 2022. Layers were majorly affected. The HPAI cases were reported across 6 Local Government Areas (LGAs), with the highest (71.6% cases) reported in Obio-Akpor and the lowest (1.5%) in Oyigbo and Ogba-Egbema-Ndoni LGAs. Based on the distribution according to LGA and year, HPAI cases were reported in 5 LGAs (Port Harcourt, Obio-Akpor, Ikwerre, Oyigbo and Ogba-Egbema-Ndoni) in 2015, 2 LGAs (Obio-Akpor and Ikwerre) in 2016, 4 LGAs (Port Harcourt, Obio-Akpor, Ikwerre and Okrika) in 2021, and 1 LGA (Obio-Akpor) in 2022. The 2015 – 2022 outbreaks of HPAI in Rivers State were reported in six out of the 23 LGAs across Rivers State. Obio-Akpor LGA accounted for the highest-burden of HPAI in the State. There was no report of HPAI from 2017 to 2022 across the State. Intensive surveillance for AI and public awareness on prevention and control across Rivers State is, therefore, recommended with support and motivation from the government.
{"title":"Retrospective Study of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Outbreaks from 2015 to 2022 in Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"Fatimah Olusa Ogolo, Ephraim Nwanga, O. Orakpoghenor, T. Markus, Adekunle Lawrence Bello","doi":"10.25259/rvsm_6_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/rvsm_6_2023","url":null,"abstract":"Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) constitutes one of the major constraints in the development of the poultry industry, and sporadic outbreaks are still being reported in Nigeria. It is zoonotic, with several reports of human cases. The aim of this study was to determine the trend and distribution of HPAI outbreaks from 2015 to 2022 in Rivers State, Nigeria. Eight-year retrospective study was conducted by reviewing the Avian influenza (AI) line list and case reports of confirmed outbreaks of HPAI in Rivers State from the AI desk office. Data were cleaned, analyzed using descriptive statistics, and presented using tables and figures as appropriate. The outcomes showed that a total of 67 HPAI cases were reported in Rivers State from 2015 to 2022, with the highest (64.2%) reported in 2015 and lowest (1.5%) in 2022. Layers were majorly affected. The HPAI cases were reported across 6 Local Government Areas (LGAs), with the highest (71.6% cases) reported in Obio-Akpor and the lowest (1.5%) in Oyigbo and Ogba-Egbema-Ndoni LGAs. Based on the distribution according to LGA and year, HPAI cases were reported in 5 LGAs (Port Harcourt, Obio-Akpor, Ikwerre, Oyigbo and Ogba-Egbema-Ndoni) in 2015, 2 LGAs (Obio-Akpor and Ikwerre) in 2016, 4 LGAs (Port Harcourt, Obio-Akpor, Ikwerre and Okrika) in 2021, and 1 LGA (Obio-Akpor) in 2022. The 2015 – 2022 outbreaks of HPAI in Rivers State were reported in six out of the 23 LGAs across Rivers State. Obio-Akpor LGA accounted for the highest-burden of HPAI in the State. There was no report of HPAI from 2017 to 2022 across the State. Intensive surveillance for AI and public awareness on prevention and control across Rivers State is, therefore, recommended with support and motivation from the government.","PeriodicalId":249115,"journal":{"name":"Research in Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":" 46","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139139809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Hambesha, O. Orakpoghenor, Paul Abdu, I. Jatau, T. Aluwong
This study evaluated the interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-gamma (INF-γ), and immunoglobulin Y (IgY) responses in Eimeria tenella-infected broiler chickens pre-administered with the methanol extracts of Ganoderma lucidum, Vernonia amygdalina leaves and Vitellaria paradoxa stem bark. One hundred 1-day-old broiler chicks were obtained, brooded for two weeks, and then randomly divided into 10 groups (A1, B1, C1, D1, A2, B2, C2, D2, E, and F) of 10 birds each. From 14 to 20 days of age (doa), groups A1 and A2 were administered G. lucidum; B1 and B2 V. amygdalina; C1 and C2 V. paradoxa; D1 and D2 Amprolium (100 g/100 L drinking water; while no extract/medication was administered to groups E and F. At 21 doa, groups A2, B2, C2, D2, and E were challenged orally with 104 E. tenella sporulated oocysts. Blood was collected at 14, 21, and 28 doa in labeled plain tubes, and serum was harvested and assayed for IL-10, INF-γ, and IgY levels. Results revealed no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the serum IL-10, INF-γ, and IgY levels in all groups of chickens at 14 and 21 doa. At 28 doa, serum IL-10 level was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in B2 and C2 compared to A2, D2, and E. The levels of INF-γ and IgY were not significantly (P > 0.05) higher in B2 and C2 than in A2, D2, and E. The prophylactic administration of G. lucidum, V. amygdalina leaf, and V. paradoxa stem bark methanolic extracts altered changes in the serum IL-10, INF-γ, and IgY levels induced by E. tenella challenge in the broiler chickens. The mechanisms involved in these cytokines and IgY responses as a result of the prophylactic administration of these extracts require further investigation.
{"title":"Prophylactic Anticoccidial Effects of the Methanol Extracts of Ganoderma lucidum, Vernonia amygdalina Leaves and Vitellaria paradoxa Stem Bark: An Investigation of the Cytokine and Immunoglobulin Y Responses in Eimeria tenella-infected Broiler Chickens","authors":"P. Hambesha, O. Orakpoghenor, Paul Abdu, I. Jatau, T. Aluwong","doi":"10.25259/rvsm_5_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/rvsm_5_2023","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-gamma (INF-γ), and immunoglobulin Y (IgY) responses in Eimeria tenella-infected broiler chickens pre-administered with the methanol extracts of Ganoderma lucidum, Vernonia amygdalina leaves and Vitellaria paradoxa stem bark. One hundred 1-day-old broiler chicks were obtained, brooded for two weeks, and then randomly divided into 10 groups (A1, B1, C1, D1, A2, B2, C2, D2, E, and F) of 10 birds each. From 14 to 20 days of age (doa), groups A1 and A2 were administered G. lucidum; B1 and B2 V. amygdalina; C1 and C2 V. paradoxa; D1 and D2 Amprolium (100 g/100 L drinking water; while no extract/medication was administered to groups E and F. At 21 doa, groups A2, B2, C2, D2, and E were challenged orally with 104 E. tenella sporulated oocysts. Blood was collected at 14, 21, and 28 doa in labeled plain tubes, and serum was harvested and assayed for IL-10, INF-γ, and IgY levels. Results revealed no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the serum IL-10, INF-γ, and IgY levels in all groups of chickens at 14 and 21 doa. At 28 doa, serum IL-10 level was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in B2 and C2 compared to A2, D2, and E. The levels of INF-γ and IgY were not significantly (P > 0.05) higher in B2 and C2 than in A2, D2, and E. The prophylactic administration of G. lucidum, V. amygdalina leaf, and V. paradoxa stem bark methanolic extracts altered changes in the serum IL-10, INF-γ, and IgY levels induced by E. tenella challenge in the broiler chickens. The mechanisms involved in these cytokines and IgY responses as a result of the prophylactic administration of these extracts require further investigation.","PeriodicalId":249115,"journal":{"name":"Research in Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139137963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dermatomycoses are the most common of fungal infections in livestock, pet animals, and wild animals. The causative agents, dermatophytes, belong to three genera, namely, Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton. The dermatophytes known to have a sexual stage are placed in the family Arthrodermataceae in the Phylum Ascomycota of the Kingdom Fungi. Ecologically dermatophytes are classified as anthropophilic, zoophilic, and geophilic. Dermatophytic infections are the most common of fungal infections in animals. Human infections are frequently caused by some zoophilic dermatophytes but occasionally by geophilic dermatophytes. Predisposing factors for animal infections include contact with other infected animals and spores of the dermatophytes which can survive more than a year under humid and mild temperature conditions. This study presents an update on the occurrence of dermatomycoses caused by different species of dermatophytes in animals in countries in the Indian subcontinent, the Middle East, and in Kenya and Brazil. Therapy and prevention of infections are also discussed briefly.
{"title":"Dermatomycoses in Animals in the Indian Subcontinent, the Middle East, Kenya and Brazil","authors":"H. Gugnani","doi":"10.25259/rvsm_7_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/rvsm_7_2022","url":null,"abstract":"Dermatomycoses are the most common of fungal infections in livestock, pet animals, and wild animals. The causative agents, dermatophytes, belong to three genera, namely, Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton. The dermatophytes known to have a sexual stage are placed in the family Arthrodermataceae in the Phylum Ascomycota of the Kingdom Fungi. Ecologically dermatophytes are classified as anthropophilic, zoophilic, and geophilic. Dermatophytic infections are the most common of fungal infections in animals. Human infections are frequently caused by some zoophilic dermatophytes but occasionally by geophilic dermatophytes. Predisposing factors for animal infections include contact with other infected animals and spores of the dermatophytes which can survive more than a year under humid and mild temperature conditions. This study presents an update on the occurrence of dermatomycoses caused by different species of dermatophytes in animals in countries in the Indian subcontinent, the Middle East, and in Kenya and Brazil. Therapy and prevention of infections are also discussed briefly.","PeriodicalId":249115,"journal":{"name":"Research in Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130290158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is an important zoonotic disease that affects both domestic animals as well as humans in many countries of the world. The disease is caused by Mycobacterium bovis, which is responsible for 10–15% of human tuberculosis cases. BTB poses an occupational health hazard to the cattle owners, butchers, animal attendants, and veterinarians. The source of infection is exogenous and the respiratory tract is considered the chief portal of entry of the organism. The mode of spread of bacteria is aerogenous. BTB is endemic in Ethiopia, and it is mostly transmitted to people through the consumption of unpasteurized contaminated milk. Miliary tubercular lesions, chronic cough, blockages of the airways, alimentary system, or blood vessels, and lymph node enlargement are all symptoms of tuberculosis. Single intradermal or comparative intradermal tuberculin tests are useful delayed-type hypersensitivity tools for diagnosing tuberculosis in live animals. It is also employed in tuberculosis eradication programs and international trade activity. Vaccination of calves with an attenuated BTB strain known as Bacillus of Calmette and Guerin, as well as testing and culling, is significant measures in the prevention and control of BTB in endemic areas like Ethiopia. The proper pasteurization of milk before human consumption is a significant measure to reduce the public health risk posed by BTB.
{"title":"Zoonotic Importance of Bovine Tuberculosis in Ethiopia: An Overview","authors":"M. Pal, Dinaol Tolawak, Urgessa Bikila","doi":"10.25259/rvsm_6_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/rvsm_6_2022","url":null,"abstract":"Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is an important zoonotic disease that affects both domestic animals as well as humans in many countries of the world. The disease is caused by Mycobacterium bovis, which is responsible for 10–15% of human tuberculosis cases. BTB poses an occupational health hazard to the cattle owners, butchers, animal attendants, and veterinarians. The source of infection is exogenous and the respiratory tract is considered the chief portal of entry of the organism. The mode of spread of bacteria is aerogenous. BTB is endemic in Ethiopia, and it is mostly transmitted to people through the consumption of unpasteurized contaminated milk. Miliary tubercular lesions, chronic cough, blockages of the airways, alimentary system, or blood vessels, and lymph node enlargement are all symptoms of tuberculosis. Single intradermal or comparative intradermal tuberculin tests are useful delayed-type hypersensitivity tools for diagnosing tuberculosis in live animals. It is also employed in tuberculosis eradication programs and international trade activity. Vaccination of calves with an attenuated BTB strain known as Bacillus of Calmette and Guerin, as well as testing and culling, is significant measures in the prevention and control of BTB in endemic areas like Ethiopia. The proper pasteurization of milk before human consumption is a significant measure to reduce the public health risk posed by BTB.","PeriodicalId":249115,"journal":{"name":"Research in Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126593338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most widespread diseases of animals in the world. The disease is caused by the foot and mouth virus which is a highly infectious disease that is recorded in many species of animals and also very occasionally in humans. To create new subtypes of the virus, mutations were made in the three major surface proteins (VP1–VP3) and occurred in the tissue culture. FMD virus affects the cloven-footed domestic and wild ungulates. FMD in susceptible animals has a high morbidity rate, but a low mortality rate. The disease can be serious in young calves as fatality may reach up to 20%. Many FMD outbreaks in Africa have been caused by the movement of infected livestock. Common symptoms of the disease include fever, loss of appetite, salivation, and sudden death of young livestock. Aerosolized virus spread is the most common mode of transmission. Serological tests and nucleic acid recognition are the most common methods of confirming an unequivocal diagnosis of a disease. FMD is subject to national and international control and the measure is taken depending on whether the country is free from the disease or endemic infection. FMD is endemic and widely prevalent in all areas of the Ethiopian country. There was a significant proportion of the serotypes O, A, South Africa Territories (SAT)-2, SAT-1, and C in Addis Ababa, Amhara, Tigray, Benishangul-Gumuz, and SNNPRS, respectively. So far, a seroprevalence study in Ethiopia has indicated that the prevalence in cattle varies from 0.8% to 53.6%. FMD can be controlled with quarantine, restrictions on animal movement, isolation of infected animals, vaccination programs, properly disposing of infected carcasses, as well as other means, which are practical for Ethiopia.
{"title":"A review on the FMD in Ethiopia","authors":"Dinaol Tolawak, M. Pal","doi":"10.25259/rvsm_4_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/rvsm_4_2022","url":null,"abstract":"Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most widespread diseases of animals in the world. The disease is caused by the foot and mouth virus which is a highly infectious disease that is recorded in many species of animals and also very occasionally in humans. To create new subtypes of the virus, mutations were made in the three major surface proteins (VP1–VP3) and occurred in the tissue culture. FMD virus affects the cloven-footed domestic and wild ungulates. FMD in susceptible animals has a high morbidity rate, but a low mortality rate. The disease can be serious in young calves as fatality may reach up to 20%. Many FMD outbreaks in Africa have been caused by the movement of infected livestock. Common symptoms of the disease include fever, loss of appetite, salivation, and sudden death of young livestock. Aerosolized virus spread is the most common mode of transmission. Serological tests and nucleic acid recognition are the most common methods of confirming an unequivocal diagnosis of a disease. FMD is subject to national and international control and the measure is taken depending on whether the country is free from the disease or endemic infection. FMD is endemic and widely prevalent in all areas of the Ethiopian country. There was a significant proportion of the serotypes O, A, South Africa Territories (SAT)-2, SAT-1, and C in Addis Ababa, Amhara, Tigray, Benishangul-Gumuz, and SNNPRS, respectively. So far, a seroprevalence study in Ethiopia has indicated that the prevalence in cattle varies from 0.8% to 53.6%. FMD can be controlled with quarantine, restrictions on animal movement, isolation of infected animals, vaccination programs, properly disposing of infected carcasses, as well as other means, which are practical for Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":249115,"journal":{"name":"Research in Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131570476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study is a review and a cumulative piece of work on Pt- and Au-based nanoparticles and H2 blockers drugs. It has been studied that Pt- and Au-based nanoparticles are used more often in different biomedical applications. Nanoparticles based on these two metals are highly biocompatible and can be used for the diagnosis of various diseases through in vitro imaging, tissue engineering, and drug delivery. The compatibility of Pt- and Au-based nanoparticles is increased using polymer-nanocomposite hybrids, which can participate in delivering a large number of drugs to modulate and improve the biodistribution and uptake of drugs on the cellular level. Another part of this review focuses on H2 blocker drugs. These drugs are specific classes for the suppression of gastric juice or acids under different gastrointestinal conditions. Famotidine has also been reported as a marker drug for COVID-19 patients. This review provides cumulative information on H2 blocker drugs and nanoparticles in single articles and specifies their role in different treatments associated with different types of cancers, gastrointestinal disorders, and COVID-19.
{"title":"A Systematic Review based on the Use of Au- and Pt-based Nanoparticles along with H2 Blocker Medicines","authors":"G. C. Sharma, Anupama Sharma","doi":"10.25259/rvsm_3_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/rvsm_3_2022","url":null,"abstract":"This study is a review and a cumulative piece of work on Pt- and Au-based nanoparticles and H2 blockers drugs. It has been studied that Pt- and Au-based nanoparticles are used more often in different biomedical applications. Nanoparticles based on these two metals are highly biocompatible and can be used for the diagnosis of various diseases through in vitro imaging, tissue engineering, and drug delivery. The compatibility of Pt- and Au-based nanoparticles is increased using polymer-nanocomposite hybrids, which can participate in delivering a large number of drugs to modulate and improve the biodistribution and uptake of drugs on the cellular level. Another part of this review focuses on H2 blocker drugs. These drugs are specific classes for the suppression of gastric juice or acids under different gastrointestinal conditions. Famotidine has also been reported as a marker drug for COVID-19 patients. This review provides cumulative information on H2 blocker drugs and nanoparticles in single articles and specifies their role in different treatments associated with different types of cancers, gastrointestinal disorders, and COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":249115,"journal":{"name":"Research in Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129157299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The quality of the educational environment is among the most important quality indicators of higher education. Therefore, this study aimed to improve the quality of the educational environment based on the Dundee Ready Educational Environmental Measures model from veterinary students’ perspective at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, the Islamic Azad University of Shahrekord Branch in 2019. A questionnaire was given to 297 students at an average age of 23 + 3 years. The data collection tool of this cross-sectional study was a 50-point questionnaire. The obtained data were assessed using descriptive statistical indicators, including mean, standard deviation, independent t-test, independent t-test, and one-way analysis of variance. Afterward, various questionnaire dimensions were evaluated based on gender variables, study locations, grade averages, and semesters. The results revealed a statistically significant difference between male and female students regarding their perception of professors (P = 0.017), such that the average score in female students was higher than male students (32 vs. 29.21). Overall, girls’ satisfaction in this dimension was more than boys. In addition, the results showed that the perception score of social conditions in students above semester 8 was significantly lower compared to those lower than semester 8 (20.22 vs.24.65) (P < 0.001).
{"title":"Investigating the educational environment of veterinary college in shahrekord azad university from a veterinary students’ perspective by Kosari and Niknampour","authors":"Neda Kosari, Fatemeh Niknampour","doi":"10.25259/rvsm_8_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/rvsm_8_2021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The quality of the educational environment is among the most important quality indicators of higher education. Therefore, this study aimed to improve the quality of the educational environment based on the Dundee Ready Educational Environmental Measures model from veterinary students’ perspective at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, the Islamic Azad University of Shahrekord Branch in 2019.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A questionnaire was given to 297 students at an average age of 23 + 3 years. The data collection tool of this cross-sectional study was a 50-point questionnaire. The obtained data were assessed using descriptive statistical indicators, including mean, standard deviation, independent t-test, independent t-test, and one-way analysis of variance. Afterward, various questionnaire dimensions were evaluated based on gender variables, study locations, grade averages, and semesters.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The results revealed a statistically significant difference between male and female students regarding their perception of professors (P = 0.017), such that the average score in female students was higher than male students (32 vs. 29.21).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Overall, girls’ satisfaction in this dimension was more than boys. In addition, the results showed that the perception score of social conditions in students above semester 8 was significantly lower compared to those lower than semester 8 (20.22 vs.24.65) (P < 0.001).\u0000","PeriodicalId":249115,"journal":{"name":"Research in Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131505220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aquaculture has a key role in healthy human diets. These organisms constitute several nutrients such as proteins, fats, and numerous minerals. To be able to mass-produce whilst conserving aquaculture stability, mediating factors are required to enhance the fishes’ immunity, environment, and growth rate. The use of medicinal herbs to increase immune response has been discussed in various studies. In this study, the effect of selected herbs (Aloe vera, garlic, echinacea, peppermint, and thyme) on growth rate have been classified and reviewed. In this manner, using such herbs to enhance aquaculture seems beneficial as herbs are a natural and harmless means that can be added to animal diets. It was observed that all studies that analyzed growth rate parameters such as specific growth rate and percent growth rate depicted that increased weight and growth rate were significant, justifying the beneficial use of selected herbs as growth promotors in aquaculture.
{"title":"Selected herbs as growth promoters in aquaculture","authors":"Ahad Hasan Syed Hasani","doi":"10.25259/rvsm_7_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/rvsm_7_2021","url":null,"abstract":"Aquaculture has a key role in healthy human diets. These organisms constitute several nutrients such as proteins, fats, and numerous minerals. To be able to mass-produce whilst conserving aquaculture stability, mediating factors are required to enhance the fishes’ immunity, environment, and growth rate. The use of medicinal herbs to increase immune response has been discussed in various studies. In this study, the effect of selected herbs (Aloe vera, garlic, echinacea, peppermint, and thyme) on growth rate have been classified and reviewed. In this manner, using such herbs to enhance aquaculture seems beneficial as herbs are a natural and harmless means that can be added to animal diets. It was observed that all studies that analyzed growth rate parameters such as specific growth rate and percent growth rate depicted that increased weight and growth rate were significant, justifying the beneficial use of selected herbs as growth promotors in aquaculture.","PeriodicalId":249115,"journal":{"name":"Research in Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122027564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elena Garcia-Pedraza, Ana Gallego de Miguel, I. A. Gomez de Segura, Antonio Portolés Pérez
The objective was to study the cellular immune response of equine umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (EUC-MSCs) in healthy dogs after a single and repeated intra-articular administration versus placebo in the right knee. Sixteen dogs were randomized into two groups of eight dogs that received two intraarticular administrations of placebo or EUC-MSCs on day 0 and on day 28. Blood samples for the analysis of cellular response were obtained from the cephalic vein on days 0 for baseline data, 14, 28 (before the second administration), 42, and 56. A cellular response assay was made through the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT tetrazolium) method. No cytotoxic reaction occurred between lymphocytes and EUC-MSC demonstrating the safety of EUCMSCs administration in dogs. Overall these results suggest that the administration of EUC-MSCs can be considered as safe.
{"title":"Immunological safety assessment of a single and repeated intra-articular administration of xenogeneic equine umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells under field conditions in young healthy dogs: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study","authors":"Elena Garcia-Pedraza, Ana Gallego de Miguel, I. A. Gomez de Segura, Antonio Portolés Pérez","doi":"10.25259/rvsm_3_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/rvsm_3_2021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The objective was to study the cellular immune response of equine umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (EUC-MSCs) in healthy dogs after a single and repeated intra-articular administration versus placebo in the right knee.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Sixteen dogs were randomized into two groups of eight dogs that received two intraarticular administrations of placebo or EUC-MSCs on day 0 and on day 28. Blood samples for the analysis of cellular response were obtained from the cephalic vein on days 0 for baseline data, 14, 28 (before the second administration), 42, and 56. A cellular response assay was made through the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT tetrazolium) method.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000No cytotoxic reaction occurred between lymphocytes and EUC-MSC demonstrating the safety of EUCMSCs administration in dogs.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Overall these results suggest that the administration of EUC-MSCs can be considered as safe.\u0000","PeriodicalId":249115,"journal":{"name":"Research in Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122812034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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