美国纹章

Dariya S. Staroskolskaya
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摘要

文章标题提到埃德加-德-佛蒙特(Edgar de V. Vermont)的首部美国纹章学论文是有原因的。俄语中没有关于美国纹章学的开创性研究。因此,一般公众认为根本不存在美国纹章学。因此,这篇文章对美国纹章实体进行了广泛的概述,其目的就是要证明相反的情况。尽管共和党怀疑论者相当反对,但美国的个人和机构,无论是公共机构还是私人机构,都在广泛使用纹章。虽然美国从未成立过官方的纹章机构,但各种非营利性私人组织在理论研究和应用纹章艺术方面十分活跃,政府机构内也设立了专门部门来满足国家的纹章需求。所有这些机构都与海外纹章机构保持着成功和富有成效的合作。与旧世界相比,美国的纹章学史料虽然贫乏,但仍能很好地代表美国国家对纹章现象的看法。作者论述了美国人对纹章的大众认知主题:纹章的历史接受、不同社会阶层成员如何使用和解释纹章、当代趋势以及作为历史遗产的一部分人们对纹章日益增长的兴趣。她的结论是,美国纹章是一种与众不同的独特文化现象,值得与其他 "国家 "纹章系统一起研究。
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Heraldic America
The title of the article refers to Edgar de V. Vermont’s first American heraldic treatise for a reason. There are no seminal studies on US heraldry in the Russian language. Accordingly, the general public assumes that it does not exist at all. Thus, the purpose of the article, which presents a broad overview of American heraldic entities, is to prove the opposite. Despite considerable opposition on the part of Republican sceptics, heraldry in America is widely used by both individuals and institutions, public as well as private. Although no official heraldic body has ever been established in the United States, various private non-profit organisations are active in theoretical research and applied heraldic art, and specialised departments have been set up within government structures to meet the nation’s armorial needs. All of them maintain successful and fruitful co-operation with overseas heraldic institutes. The American historiography of heraldry, though meagre compared to that of the Old World, is still highly representative of the national American perspective on the phenomenon of coats of arms. The author touches on the themes of mass perception of heraldry among Americans: its historical reception, how it is used and interpreted by members of different social strata, contemporary trends, and the growing interest in it as part of historical heritage. She concludes that American heraldry is a distinctive and unique cultural phenomenon that deserves to be examined along with other “national” heraldic systems.
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