An Energy-Balance Clustering Routing Protocol for Intra-Body Wireless Nanosensor Networks

Numerous sensor nodes spread out across the surveillance region form the Wireless-Sensor Network (WSN), a smart, self-organizing network. Since the lumps can typically only be motorized by batteries, creating a WSN while maintaining an optimal energy balance and extending the network's lifetime is the biggest issue. A novel network architecture that integrates nanotechnology with sensor networks is known as a Wireless-NanoSensor-Network(WNSN). A new area of focus in research is intra-bodyiWNSNs, which are WNSNs with promising potential applications in biomedicine, damage detection, and intra-body health monitoring. We suggest an energy-balance-clustering-routing protocol (EBCR) for iSN nodes that have limited energy storage, short communication range, and low computation and processing capabilities. The protocol uses a novel hierarchical clustering approach to lessen the communication burden on nano-nodes. Cluster nano-nodes can use one-hop routing to send data directly to the Cluster-Head(CH) nodes, and the CH-nodes can utilize multi-hop routing to send data to the nano control node. In addition, selecting the next hop node to minimize energy usage while guaranteeing successful data packet delivery involves balancing distance and channel capacity. The protocol's strengths in energy efficiency, network-lifetime extension, and data-packet transmission success rate were highlighted by the simulation results. It is clear that the EBCR protocol is a viable option for iWNSNs' routing system.