利用 PID 控制器实现航天器的单轴电动稳定

A. Y. Aleksandrov, S. B. Ruzin
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引用次数: 0

摘要

现代宇宙动力学的实际问题之一是开发用于控制航天器相对于其质量中心的角度方向的系统。为了解决这个问题,基于执行装置与地球磁场相互作用的磁控制系统得到了广泛而有效的应用。控制航天器角度方向的一类重要问题是单轴稳定问题。本文考虑的是一颗质量中心在环赤道低地球轨道上运动的卫星。假定它装有分布在一定体积上的可控静电荷和可控磁矩。研究了卫星在轨道框架内相对于其质量中心的旋转运动。解决了卫星在任意平衡位置的单轴稳定问题。采用的电动控制方法基于同时应用磁矩和洛伦兹力矩。这些力矩中的每一个都是作为阻尼、恢复和补偿分量的总和来选择的。为了改善瞬态过程的特性(抑制不必要的振荡并提高向程序运动收敛的速度),我们构建了一种特殊类型的 PID 控制器。闭环系统的稳定性分析以 Lyapunov 直接法为基础。提出了一种新颖的 Lyapunov-Krasovskii 函数构造,并借助该函数确定了保证程序运动渐近稳定性的控制参数条件。数值模拟的结果证实了所获得的理论结论,并证明了与使用以前构建的控制器相比,所开发方法的优势。结果表明,由于控制参数选择得当,瞬态过程的特性可以得到显著改善
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Monoaxial Electrodynamic Stabilization of a Spacecraft Using PID Controller
One of the actual problems of modern cosmic dynamics is the development of systems for controlling the angular orientation of spacecrafts with respect to their centers of mass. To solve this problem, magnetic control systems based on the interaction of their executive devices with the Earth’s magnetic field are widely and effectively used. An important class of problems for controlling the angular spacecraft orientation is that of problems of monoaxial stabilization. This paper considers a satellite whose center of mass moves in a circular equatorial low Earth orbit. It is assumed that it is equipped with a controlled electrostatic charge distributed over a certain volume and a controlled magnetic moment. The rotational motion of a satellite with respect to its center of mass in the orbital frame is studied. The problem of monoaxial stabilization of a satellite in an arbitrary equilibrium position is solved. The electrodynamic control method is used which is based on the simultaneous application of a magnetic moment and the moment of Lorentz forces. Each of these moments is selected as a sum of damping, restoring and compensating components. To improve the characteristics of transient processes (damping unwanted oscillations and increasing the speed of convergence to program motion), PID controller of a special type is constructed. The stability analysis of the closed-loop system is carried out on the basis of the Lyapunov direct method. An original construction of the Lyapunov—Krasovskii functional is proposed, with the help of which the conditions on the control parameters are determined that guarantee the asymptotic stability of the program motion. The results of numerical simulation are presented confirming the obtained theoretical conclusions and demonstrating the advantage of the developed approach compared to the use of previously constructed controllers. It is shown that due to the appropriate choice of control parameters, the characteristics of transient processes can be significantly improved
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来源期刊
Mekhatronika, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie
Mekhatronika, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie Engineering-Electrical and Electronic Engineering
CiteScore
0.90
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0.00%
发文量
68
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