ASSOCIATION OF TYPE 2 DIABETES AMONG REPRODUCTIVE-AGED WOMEN HAVING POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME IN SIALKOT

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age, characterized by elevated androgen levels, ovarian cysts, and symptoms such as irregular menstrual cycles, hirsutism, and acne. PCOS is often associated with insulin resistance, which increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship between PCOS and T2DM in women of reproductive age, focusing on the prevalence of symptoms, risk factors, and potential interventions. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2024, involving 100 women aged 18 to 43 at Sardar Begum Hospital and Cheema Family Hospital in Sialkot. Participants were divided equally into PCOS (n=50) and control groups (n=50). Data were collected on demographic and clinical characteristics, including HbA1c levels, using a structured form and laboratory tests. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, and chi-square tests analyzed the data. Results: The PCOS group exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of irregular menstrual cycles (87%), hirsutism (67%), and acne (40%) compared to the control group. Elevated HbA1c levels were observed in 25% of the PCOS group, with 15% having levels above 6.4%, indicating a heightened risk for T2DM. The mean HbA1c level was significantly higher in the PCOS group (6.2%) compared to the control group (5.5%). Additionally, 60% of women with PCOS reported a family history of diabetes, suggesting a genetic predisposition. Conclusion: Women with PCOS are at a significantly higher risk of developing T2DM. The study highlights the need for early screening and comprehensive management strategies to mitigate these risks. A multidisciplinary approach involving various healthcare professionals is essential for effective intervention and prevention. Further research is necessary to improve the understanding and treatment of these interconnected conditions.