Declining Powers of Van Panchayats: A Case For Empowering Community Based Conservations Programs

Van Panchayats embody the struggle for community rights and democratic representation. Established after a prolonged battle against colonial rule, they were initially designed as peoplebased forest management institutions. However, their effectiveness has been undermined by increasing centralization and near-complete subordination to the forest department. This paper examines the transition of Van Panchayats, particularly following the introduction of the Joint Forest Management Program, and compares it with the provisions of the Forest Rights Act, 2006. The excessive bureaucratization imposed by successive regulations has rendered Van Panchayats ineffective. It argues that Van Panchayats remain underutilised despite their potential to contribute significantly to conservation and development activities. To realise their potential, a comprehensive policy shift is necessary. This includes restoration of functional autonomy to Van Panchayats, reduced interference of the forest department, and adequate budgetary provisions. The paper advocates for the revival of Van Panchayats as a means to achieve a people based model of forest conservation and sustainable development.