巴西境内来自委内瑞拉的流离失所少女的性健康和生殖健康及权利的障碍和促进因素

IF 3.9 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Journal of Migration and Health Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1016/j.jmh.2024.100252
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景委内瑞拉的危机已迫使近 800 万人逃往主要邻国,包括巴西。流离失所的委内瑞拉人中有一半是妇女和女孩,其中少女在流离失所和定居期间面临着性健康和生殖健康方面的特殊挑战。本研究旨在了解居住在巴西的委内瑞拉少女在性健康和生殖健康方面的障碍和促进因素。 研究采用定性方法,包括在博阿维斯塔和马瑙斯对 19 名委内瑞拉移民少女进行半结构化访谈。我们采用主题分析法对访谈记录进行了分析,并将分析结果映射到基于布朗芬布伦纳社会生态模型的理论框架中。我们对该理论框架进行了调整,以探讨个人层面的交叉脆弱性如何与环境因素相互作用,从而为移民少女的健康和权利带来障碍和促进因素。结果在巴西的委内瑞拉移民少女在实现其性健康和生殖健康及权利方面面临着实际和结构性障碍,这些障碍涉及以下四个领域:月经;计划生育、避孕和性传播感染;产前、分娩和产后护理;以及预防性别暴力。所报告的障碍是缺乏有关性健康和生殖健康权利的知识、遭受暴力侵害以及无法获得适龄的医疗保健服务。缓解因素包括教育(家庭和学校教育)、医疗服务机构开展的预防活动、非政府组织和国际机构提供的护理服务以及当地医疗服务机构的最佳做法。从社会生态学的角度看待性与生殖健康及权利,有助于制定交叉政策,将青少年移民不同层面的经历联系起来。
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Barriers and facilitators for the sexual and reproductive health and rights of displaced Venezuelan adolescent girls in Brazil

Background

The crisis in Venezuela has forced almost eight million people to flee to mainly neighbouring countries, including Brazil. Half of the displaced Venezuelans are women and girls, with adolescent girls facing distinctive challenges to their sexual and reproductive health during displacement and settlement. The aim of this study is to understand the barriers and facilitators for the sexual and reproductive health of adolescent Venezuelan girls residing in Brazil.

Methods

The study used qualitative methods, including semi-structured interviews with 19 Venezuelan migrant adolescent girls conducted in Boa Vista and Manaus. We analysed transcripts using thematic analysis, and mapped findings to a theoretical framework based on the Bronfenbrenner Socio-ecological Model, which we adapted to explore how intersectional vulnerabilities at the individual level interact with contextual factors creating barriers and facilitators for health and rights of migrant adolescent girls.

Results

Venezuelan adolescent migrants in Brazil face practical and structural barriers in realising their sexual and reproductive health and rights in four areas: menstruation; family planning, contraception and sexually transmitted infection; prenatal, childbirth and postnatal care; and preventing gender-based violence. The reported barriers were lack of knowledge around sexual and reproductive health rights, exposure to violence and lack of access to age-appropriate healthcare services. Mitigating factors included education (both in the family setting and at school); prevention activities undertaken by health services; care provision from non-governmental organisations and international agencies; and best practices in local health services.

Conclusions

Host states must take action to enhance the right to sexual and reproductive health for adolescent migrants to allow them to make autonomous, independent and informed choices. A socioecological perspective on sexual and reproductive health and rights can help formulate intersectional policies that interconnect different levels of adolescent migrants’ experience.

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来源期刊
Journal of Migration and Health
Journal of Migration and Health Social Sciences-Sociology and Political Science
CiteScore
5.70
自引率
8.70%
发文量
65
审稿时长
153 days
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