In the context of international migration flows, Germany is the second largest receiving country of migrants in the world. The aim of this study is to investigate the momentary mood effects of discrimination experiences for young adult immigrants and which social resources can buffer negative effects. A distinction is made between the importance of inter and intra-ethnic interaction partners in processing stressors.
Using an ecological momentary assessment design, first-generation migrants in Germany who had recently migrated from Poland, Turkey or Syria were interviewed three times a day over seven days in June 2021 (N individuals = 976; N observations = 11,470). The timing of the short surveys was chosen at random using a signal contingent sampling method. Participants reported their momentary mood and instances of discrimination, along with information on social support perception and interaction partners during the preceding hour in the context of their everyday lives. Hybrid mixed-effects regression models were estimated and the research questions were tested with three-way interactions.
The results indicate that perceived social support only moderately buffers the negative effect of everyday discrimination experiences on mood. A positive main effect on mood is observed for situational variations in perceived social support as well as for support from interaction partners.
The findings illustrate that being embedded in supportive relationships is important in everyday life, regardless of the occurrence of stressors. Furthermore, the study suggests that the level of perceived support is more important for first-generation migrants than the ethnic origin of the support provider.
The low utilization of antenatal healthcare services among Rohingya refugee women contributes to high maternal and child mortality rates. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of antenatal healthcare services utilization and the impacts of preconception care and pregnancy intention on accessing these services among Rohingya refugee women in Bangladesh.
We analyzed data from 708 women collected through a multistage cross-sectional survey conducted in April 2023. The outcome variable was the uptake of at least one antenatal healthcare services, while the exposure variables were preconception care uptake and unintended pregnancy. We used a multivariate logistic regression model to determine the effects of preconception care and unintended pregnancy on antenatal care utilization, adjusting for potential covariates.
Approximately 47 % of women reported not accessing any antenatal healthcare services during their most recent pregnancy. Moreover, around 68 % of women did not receive any preconception care, and nearly one-third of pregnancies were unintended at conception. We observed lower likelihoods of antenatal care utilization among women without preconception care or with unintended pregnancy. The negative effects were even more pronounced when women reported no use of preconception care along with experiencing mistimed (aOR, 0.61, 95 % CI: 0.45–0.77) and unwanted (aOR, 0.43, 95 % CI: 0.34–0.52) pregnancy for their most recent pregnancy.
Maternal healthcare service utilization is alarmingly low among Rohingya refugees, with a significant lack of preconception care and a high prevalence of unintended pregnancies. This underscores the critical importance of implementing awareness-building programs to increase uptake of antenatal healthcare services.
Women in coastal areas are particularly vulnerable to climate change impacts due to existing gender inequality and socio-cultural norms in Bangladesh. This research aims to explore the vulnerability of women to climate change-induced natural hazards, the challenges they face due to the chain impacts of climate change, and the resulting violation of women's rights. Quantitative and qualitative data were used in this study, where 260 structured questionnaire surveys and 15 Focus Group Discussions were performed at Mongla and Shyamnagar Upazilas in Bagerhat and Satkhira districts, respectively. The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 software, and qualitative data was analyzed thematically. The results disclose that most respondents in Mongla and Shyamnagar reported an increase in the occurrence rate of climate change-induced natural hazards, with cyclones, salinity, and riverbank erosion being the most devastating in Mongla and cyclones, salinity, and storm surges in Shyamnagar. It affects the lives and livelihoods of people, with women being particularly vulnerable due to limited access to education, healthcare, and economic opportunities, and women's rights are violated in these areas. Half of the study area's population has been suffering from infections or inflammation in reproductive organs, especially among fisherwomen. The findings of this study recommend that provisions for alternative livelihoods should be made for women, and all women must be brought under the umbrella of fair social safety net programs.
The metabolic syndrome epidemic, including in forcibly displaced individuals, requires cost-effective prevention and treatment strategies. Yet, the health needs of forcibly displaced individuals often remain underserved. Our study evaluated the effect of a co-designed exercise and sport intervention on cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic syndrome components among individuals in a refugee camp in Greece and examined the indirect effect through cardiorespiratory fitness on metabolic syndrome components.
We conducted a randomized controlled trial involving an intervention and a wait-list control group with n = 142 (52.8 % women) forcibly displaced Southwest Asians and Sub-Saharan Africans. The intervention group participated for 10 weeks in exercise and sport activities. Outcomes were cardiorespiratory fitness and single metabolic syndrome components. Effects were analyzed with structural equation modeling.
In total, 62.7 % of participants presented with low cardiorespiratory fitness levels (<40th percentile), and 24.6 % met the criteria for metabolic syndrome. In the intervention group, 73.5 % attended the exercise and sport sessions at least once a week. There was evidence for a direct intervention effect on cardiorespiratory fitness, ßdirect = 0.12, p = 0.022, but not for any of the metabolic syndrome components (p ≥ 0.192). Cardiorespiratory fitness significantly facilitated the intervention's indirect effect on abdominal obesity, ßindirect = −0.03, p = 0.012, high diastolic blood pressure, ßindirect = −0.04, p = 0.011, and elevated triglycerides, ßindirect = −0.03, p = 0.025.
Implementing exercise and sport activities in a refugee camp in Greece effectively reaches a wider target population and improves cardiorespiratory fitness among forcibly displaced individuals. The intervention contributes to a decrease in abdominal obesity, high diastolic blood pressure and elevated triglycerides indirectly via improved cardiorespiratory fitness.
A shift toward the aging population worldwide brings about a growing demand of caregivers, who can communicate effectively with their care recipients. Using Q methodology, this study investigates the English communication needs among Thai caregivers of foreign older adults, aiming to profile the specific tasks that necessitate effective intercultural communication. Data were collected through card-sorting task and follow-up interviews. The findings show that caregiver's target tasks can be classified into hands-on nurturers, emotional supporters, and trusted companions. The hands-on nurturers focused on tasks requiring direct physical care and day-to-day assistance, emphasizing the role of English in activities such as bathing and aiding with hygiene. The emotional supporters recognized the importance of English in providing psychological and emotional comfort. Trusted companions placed value on English for fostering social connections, engaging in leisurely activities, and facilitating casual exchanges. This study highlights Thai caregivers’ multifaceted roles, stressing the necessity for comprehensive English training for intercultural communication in caregiving.
We have previously shown that immigrants have lower attendance in BreastScreen Norway than non-immigrants and that non-Western immigrants have lower incidence of breast cancer, but more advanced disease.
To compare breast cancer-specific survival for immigrants versus non-immigrants diagnosed with screen-detected or symptomatic breast cancer.
We analyzed data from 28,320 women aged 50–69 diagnosed with breast cancer after being invited to BreastScreen Norway. We divided women into three groups; non-immigrants, immigrants from Western countries and immigrants from non-Western countries. We stratified our analyses according to detection mode (screen-detected breast cancer, interval cancer and cancer detected outside screening), and used cox regression to model the association between immigrants/non-immigrants and time to breast cancer death.
Among screen-detected breast cancers, 28.7% were histologic grade 3 among immigrants from non-Western countries compared to 21.3% among non-immigrants. Interval cancers and cancers detected outside screening had larger tumor diameter and a higher percentage were histologic grade 3 and lymph node positive among immigrants from non-Western countries compared to non-immigrants. Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) adjusted for age and year of diagnosis for time to breast cancer death compared to non-immigrants was 0.70 (0.39–1.27) for immigrants from Western countries and 0.52 (0.23–1.17) for immigrants from non-Western countries.
Despite more advanced histopathological tumor characteristics among immigrants from non-Western countries compared to non-immigrants, we did not observe statistically significant differences in breast-cancer specific survival between the two groups. Keeping in mind the low number of breast cancer deaths and possible overestimation of survival among immigrants, this might imply that equity in outcome can be achieved through adequate follow-up and treatment despite inequal access.
Immigrants who relocate to a foreign country often face numerous stressors and challenges as they try to assimilate to a new culture. This transition can often have a significant impact on their mental well-being. In this qualitative study, we aim to explore and examine the life experiences of 16 Albanian and Kosovo-Albania immigrants who have settled in Malaysia, as well as those who previously resided in Malaysia but are now living in Australia and Albania.
This study aimed to investigate two main objectives: (i) to explore immigrants’ psychological problems and how they perceive and approach mental well-being; and (ii) to identify the challenges and barriers that immigrants face in Malaysia.
The data was obtained using a qualitative phenomenological case study, using in-depth semi-structured interviews. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and thematically analysed.
The study's findings indicate that immigrants' mental well-being is positively affected by inner peace, happiness, fulfilling family needs, a balanced life, and self-improvement. On the other hand, challenges related to visa and employment pass issues, difficulty in securing employment status, feeling like a foreigner, and lack of family support have a negative impact on their mental well-being.
The study's findings advocate for targeted support programmes to address the psychological challenges of Albanian immigrants. Prioritising inner peace and self-improvement benefits their mental well-being. Policymakers are encouraged to prioritise reducing employment pass difficulties and fostering an inclusive job market to improve employment opportunities for this community.
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