Painful Subjects, Desiring Relief: Experiencing and Governing Pain in a Medical Cannabis Program.

Cannabis can provide patients benefits for pain and symptom management, improve their functionality, and enhance their well-being. Yet restrictive medical cannabis programs can limit these potential benefits. This article draws on four years of research into Minnesota's medical cannabis program-one of the most restrictive in the United States-including in-depth interviews with patients and a survey of health care professionals. Drawing on the new materialist concepts of Deleuze and Guattari, this article analyzes (a) the benefits patients in Minnesota's medical cannabis program derive from cannabis, (b) how program restrictions mediate access to cannabis and its derived benefits, and (c) some key ways in which medical and criminal justice institutional authorities are reconfigured around medical cannabis. I show how the imperative to authoritatively govern "dangerous drugs" persists in consequential ways as the War on Drugs shifts toward a medicalized, criminalized, and commercial-legalized mixed regime.