Mitigating the Opioid Epidemic: The Role of Cannabinoids in Chronic Pain Management - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Evidence and Mechanisms

Abstract Background and Objectives: As the medical community seeks alternative pain management strategies, cannabinoids have emerged as a potential option. This review discusses the role of cannabinoids in chronic pain management and their potential as an alternative treatment in pain medicine, focusing on efficacy, safety, and possible opioid reduction. The objectives are to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cannabinoids in chronic pain management, explore their potential to reduce opioid use, and identify the mechanisms by which cannabinoids exert their analgesic effects. Additionally, the review seeks to highlight the clinical implications and limitations of using cannabinoids as an alternative to opioids. Methods: A comprehensive literature review and meta-analysis were conducted, focusing on studies from PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane, focusing on various types of studies. Data were extracted and analyzed to assess the efficacy, safety, and potential opioid-sparing effects of cannabinoids. Mechanistic insights were also explored to understand how cannabinoids modulate pain. Results: Cannabinoids have shown efficacy in managing chronic pain, with evidence indicating their ability to reduce pain and improve quality of life. Studies suggest that cannabinoids can provide significant analgesic effects, although there is variability in efficacy across trials. Findings also show that Cannabinoids modulate pain through the endocannabinoid system, which plays a crucial role in pain perception and inflammation. Limitations: The variability in efficacy across studies suggests a need for standardized formulations and dosing regimens. Long-term effects of cannabinoid use are not fully understood, necessitating further research. More high-quality trials are needed to confirm findings and address potential biases. Conclusion: Cannabinoids offer a promising alternative for chronic pain management, with the potential to mitigate the opioid epidemic. Integrating cannabinoids into clinical practice, guided by evidence-based protocols, can provide a safer and effective approach to chronic pain management. Keywords: Opioid Epidemic, Chronic Pain Management, Cannabinoids, Medical Cannabis, Pain Relief, Opioid-Sparing Effects, Endocannabinoid System, Clinical Practice, Analgesia, Alternative Therapies