不同方向和距离的手臂指向运动准备阶段的时间特性

IF 1.6 3区 心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES Human Movement Science Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI:10.1016/j.humov.2024.103256
Soma Okuuchi , Hirokazu Yamamoto , Keisuke Tani , Keisuke Kushiro
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在这项研究中,我们探讨了上肢运动准备阶段的时间特性如何受到伸手方向和距离的影响。12 名右撇子参与者完成了三项运动任务:两种伸手动作和一种抬指动作。伸手动作是在两种条件下尽可能快速、准确地从原位到达 15 个目标位置(五个方向和三个距离):预先提示目标,以便在动作开始前为运动规划过程分配足够的时间;不提示目标。抬指动作是将食指(从原点)以最快速度向上抬起。在每种情况下,均可获得食指的反应时间(RT)、运动时间(MT)和运动学数据。此外,通过从无提示抬起的反应时间中减去无提示伸手的反应时间,计算出了差异反应时间(DRT),从而隐含地表示了伸手动作的运动规划过程所需的时间。结果表明,DRTs 的各向异性在前向和左向比右向大,在中距离时,前向比右向大。这表明运动规划过程的时间成本取决于运动方向和距离。在运动学分析中,MT 的各向异性在所有方向中以左前方最大。同时,在没有目标提示的情况下,左前方从峰值速度到终止运动的时间(TFPV)明显长于预提示时。这些结果表明,如果在无提示条件下的伸手动作是在建立充分的运动规划之前开始的,那么伸手动作会在联机控制过程中得到改进,以达到预期的效果,尤其是在需要大量时间成本的方向上。人类很可能是根据运动控制的难度(随方向和距离的变化而变化)来分配运动开始前后所需的时间成本,从而完成预期动作的。
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Temporal properties of preparation phase for arm-pointing movements in various directions and distances

In this study, we investigated how the temporal properties of the preparation phase for upper limb movements are affected by the reaching direction and distance. Twelve right-handed participants performed three motor tasks: two types of reaching movements and one finger-lifting movement. The reaching movements were performed from the home position to 15 target locations (five directions and three distances) as quickly and precisely as possible under two conditions: pre-cueing the target to allocate the sufficient time for the motor-planning process before movement initiation, and no-cuing. The finger lifting movement was performed by lifting the index finger (from the home position) upward in the air as quickly as possible. The reaction time (RT), movement time (MT), and kinematics of the index finger were obtained for each condition. In addition, differential RTs (DRT) were calculated by subtracting the RT for no-cue lifting from that for no-cue reaching, thereby implicitly representing the time required for the motor-planning process for reaching movements. The results indicated the anisotropy of the DRTs being larger in the forward and left-forward directions than that in the right-forward direction, and larger in the forward direction than that in the right direction for the middle distance. It is suggested that the temporal costs of the motor-planning process depend on the movement direction and distance. In the kinematic analysis, the MTs showed the anisotropy being the largest in the left-forward among all directions. Meanwhile, the time from peak velocity to terminate the movement (TFPV) was significantly longer in the left-forward direction when no-cueing the target than when pre-cueing. These results suggest that reaching movement is refined during the online-control process to accomplish the intended performance if a reaching movement under the no-cue condition is initiated before building sufficient motor planning, especially in the direction requiring large temporal costs. It is likely that humans achieve their intended movements by allocating the temporal costs required before and after movement initiation according to the difficulty of motor control which varies with the direction and distance.

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来源期刊
Human Movement Science
Human Movement Science 医学-神经科学
CiteScore
3.80
自引率
4.80%
发文量
89
审稿时长
42 days
期刊介绍: Human Movement Science provides a medium for publishing disciplinary and multidisciplinary studies on human movement. It brings together psychological, biomechanical and neurophysiological research on the control, organization and learning of human movement, including the perceptual support of movement. The overarching goal of the journal is to publish articles that help advance theoretical understanding of the control and organization of human movement, as well as changes therein as a function of development, learning and rehabilitation. The nature of the research reported may vary from fundamental theoretical or empirical studies to more applied studies in the fields of, for example, sport, dance and rehabilitation with the proviso that all studies have a distinct theoretical bearing. Also, reviews and meta-studies advancing the understanding of human movement are welcome. These aims and scope imply that purely descriptive studies are not acceptable, while methodological articles are only acceptable if the methodology in question opens up new vistas in understanding the control and organization of human movement. The same holds for articles on exercise physiology, which in general are not supported, unless they speak to the control and organization of human movement. In general, it is required that the theoretical message of articles published in Human Movement Science is, to a certain extent, innovative and not dismissible as just "more of the same."
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