{"title":"不同方向和距离的手臂指向运动准备阶段的时间特性","authors":"Soma Okuuchi , Hirokazu Yamamoto , Keisuke Tani , Keisuke Kushiro","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103256","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we investigated how the temporal properties of the preparation phase for upper limb movements are affected by the reaching direction and distance. Twelve right-handed participants performed three motor tasks: two types of reaching movements and one finger-lifting movement. The reaching movements were performed from the home position to 15 target locations (five directions and three distances) as quickly and precisely as possible under two conditions: pre-cueing the target to allocate the sufficient time for the motor-planning process before movement initiation, and no-cuing. The finger lifting movement was performed by lifting the index finger (from the home position) upward in the air as quickly as possible. The reaction time (RT), movement time (MT), and kinematics of the index finger were obtained for each condition. In addition, differential RTs (DRT) were calculated by subtracting the RT for no-cue lifting from that for no-cue reaching, thereby implicitly representing the time required for the motor-planning process for reaching movements. The results indicated the anisotropy of the DRTs being larger in the forward and left-forward directions than that in the right-forward direction, and larger in the forward direction than that in the right direction for the middle distance. It is suggested that the temporal costs of the motor-planning process depend on the movement direction and distance. In the kinematic analysis, the MTs showed the anisotropy being the largest in the left-forward among all directions. Meanwhile, the time from peak velocity to terminate the movement (TFPV) was significantly longer in the left-forward direction when no-cueing the target than when pre-cueing. These results suggest that reaching movement is refined during the online-control process to accomplish the intended performance if a reaching movement under the no-cue condition is initiated before building sufficient motor planning, especially in the direction requiring large temporal costs. It is likely that humans achieve their intended movements by allocating the temporal costs required before and after movement initiation according to the difficulty of motor control which varies with the direction and distance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Temporal properties of preparation phase for arm-pointing movements in various directions and distances\",\"authors\":\"Soma Okuuchi , Hirokazu Yamamoto , Keisuke Tani , Keisuke Kushiro\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103256\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>In this study, we investigated how the temporal properties of the preparation phase for upper limb movements are affected by the reaching direction and distance. Twelve right-handed participants performed three motor tasks: two types of reaching movements and one finger-lifting movement. The reaching movements were performed from the home position to 15 target locations (five directions and three distances) as quickly and precisely as possible under two conditions: pre-cueing the target to allocate the sufficient time for the motor-planning process before movement initiation, and no-cuing. The finger lifting movement was performed by lifting the index finger (from the home position) upward in the air as quickly as possible. The reaction time (RT), movement time (MT), and kinematics of the index finger were obtained for each condition. In addition, differential RTs (DRT) were calculated by subtracting the RT for no-cue lifting from that for no-cue reaching, thereby implicitly representing the time required for the motor-planning process for reaching movements. The results indicated the anisotropy of the DRTs being larger in the forward and left-forward directions than that in the right-forward direction, and larger in the forward direction than that in the right direction for the middle distance. It is suggested that the temporal costs of the motor-planning process depend on the movement direction and distance. In the kinematic analysis, the MTs showed the anisotropy being the largest in the left-forward among all directions. Meanwhile, the time from peak velocity to terminate the movement (TFPV) was significantly longer in the left-forward direction when no-cueing the target than when pre-cueing. These results suggest that reaching movement is refined during the online-control process to accomplish the intended performance if a reaching movement under the no-cue condition is initiated before building sufficient motor planning, especially in the direction requiring large temporal costs. It is likely that humans achieve their intended movements by allocating the temporal costs required before and after movement initiation according to the difficulty of motor control which varies with the direction and distance.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":55046,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Human Movement Science\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-08-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Human Movement Science\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"102\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167945724000794\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"心理学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"NEUROSCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Human Movement Science","FirstCategoryId":"102","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167945724000794","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"NEUROSCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Temporal properties of preparation phase for arm-pointing movements in various directions and distances
In this study, we investigated how the temporal properties of the preparation phase for upper limb movements are affected by the reaching direction and distance. Twelve right-handed participants performed three motor tasks: two types of reaching movements and one finger-lifting movement. The reaching movements were performed from the home position to 15 target locations (five directions and three distances) as quickly and precisely as possible under two conditions: pre-cueing the target to allocate the sufficient time for the motor-planning process before movement initiation, and no-cuing. The finger lifting movement was performed by lifting the index finger (from the home position) upward in the air as quickly as possible. The reaction time (RT), movement time (MT), and kinematics of the index finger were obtained for each condition. In addition, differential RTs (DRT) were calculated by subtracting the RT for no-cue lifting from that for no-cue reaching, thereby implicitly representing the time required for the motor-planning process for reaching movements. The results indicated the anisotropy of the DRTs being larger in the forward and left-forward directions than that in the right-forward direction, and larger in the forward direction than that in the right direction for the middle distance. It is suggested that the temporal costs of the motor-planning process depend on the movement direction and distance. In the kinematic analysis, the MTs showed the anisotropy being the largest in the left-forward among all directions. Meanwhile, the time from peak velocity to terminate the movement (TFPV) was significantly longer in the left-forward direction when no-cueing the target than when pre-cueing. These results suggest that reaching movement is refined during the online-control process to accomplish the intended performance if a reaching movement under the no-cue condition is initiated before building sufficient motor planning, especially in the direction requiring large temporal costs. It is likely that humans achieve their intended movements by allocating the temporal costs required before and after movement initiation according to the difficulty of motor control which varies with the direction and distance.
期刊介绍:
Human Movement Science provides a medium for publishing disciplinary and multidisciplinary studies on human movement. It brings together psychological, biomechanical and neurophysiological research on the control, organization and learning of human movement, including the perceptual support of movement. The overarching goal of the journal is to publish articles that help advance theoretical understanding of the control and organization of human movement, as well as changes therein as a function of development, learning and rehabilitation. The nature of the research reported may vary from fundamental theoretical or empirical studies to more applied studies in the fields of, for example, sport, dance and rehabilitation with the proviso that all studies have a distinct theoretical bearing. Also, reviews and meta-studies advancing the understanding of human movement are welcome.
These aims and scope imply that purely descriptive studies are not acceptable, while methodological articles are only acceptable if the methodology in question opens up new vistas in understanding the control and organization of human movement. The same holds for articles on exercise physiology, which in general are not supported, unless they speak to the control and organization of human movement. In general, it is required that the theoretical message of articles published in Human Movement Science is, to a certain extent, innovative and not dismissible as just "more of the same."