我的情况,他们的情况:外部归因后果中行为者与观察者的区别

IF 4.8 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Social and Personality Psychology Compass Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI:10.1111/spc3.12993
Rebecca Peretz‐Lange, Guadalupe D. S. Gonzalez, Yanine D. Hess
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引用次数: 0

摘要

人们可以将社会现象归因于内部原因(如人们的能力、智力、努力或个性)或外部原因(如人们的环境、获得机会的途径、他人的待遇)。在这篇综述中,我们重点讨论外部归因,外部归因被广泛认为是积极的,因为它有助于人们同情地看待边缘化群体和被排斥的个人。然而,我们认为,外部归因的后果存在着行为者与观察者之间的重要区别,这使得外部归因既有可能产生积极的后果,也有可能产生消极的后果:当观察者将他人的挫折或拒绝归因于外部原因时,这可能有助于他们采取同情的观点。然而,当行为者将自己的挫折或被拒绝归因于外部原因时,这种观点可能会损害他们的心理健康、动机或自我概念。我们在社会差异、社会排斥和学业挫折这三个领域中发现了行为者与观察者之间的这种区别。最后,我们讨论了这种行为者-观察者差异的一些影响以及未来研究的方向。
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My circumstances, their circumstances: An actor‐observer distinction in the consequences of external attributions
People may attribute social phenomena to either internal causes (e.g., people's ability, intelligence, effort, or personality) or external causes (e.g., people's circumstances, access to opportunities, treatment by others). In this review, we focus on external attributions, which have been widely characterized as positive because they help people view marginalized groups and rejected individuals sympathetically. We argue, however, that there exists an important actor‐observer distinction in the consequences of external attributions, giving them the potential to yield both positive and negative consequences: When observers attribute others' setbacks or rejections to external causes, this may help them adopt a sympathetic view. However, when actors attribute their own setbacks or rejections to external causes, this view may harm their mental wellbeing, motivation, or self‐concept. We identify this actor‐observer distinction in three domains: social disparities, social rejection, and academic setbacks. Finally, we discuss some implications of this actor‐observer difference and directions for future research.
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来源期刊
Social and Personality Psychology Compass
Social and Personality Psychology Compass Psychology-Social Psychology
CiteScore
5.20
自引率
2.20%
发文量
59
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