Iman Shahabi, Ebrahim Mohammadi Goltapeh, Amirreza Amirmijani, Majid Pedram, Mohammad Reza Atighi
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The rate of decrease in nematode infection was highest when plants were pre-inoculated with F. mosseae and was lowest when nematode was inoculated before F. mosseae. However, when nematode was inoculated before the fungus, the fungus was still able to mitigate the negative effect of infection by nematode compared with plants inoculated with nematode only. This suggests that the timing of inoculation plays a crucial role in the effectiveness of F. mosseae in reducing nematode infection. Moreover, monitoring of the expression of two genes, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and β-1,3-glucanase, which are involved in systemic-acquired resistance (SAR) showed that although they were significantly upregulated in mycorrhizal plants compared with nonmycorrhizal plants, they showed the highest expression when plants were pretreated with fungus before nematode inoculation, thus, indicating that plants were primed. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
不依赖化学农药而采用病虫害综合防治是控制植物病原体最有吸引力的方法之一。其中,利用抗病栽培品种或砧木与有益微生物相结合防治病害的方法尤其受到关注。柑橘线虫是全球柑橘种植的主要制约因素之一。我们的研究表明,在未感染柑橘线虫和已感染柑橘线虫的植株中,菌根丛生真菌 Funneliformis mosseae 能提高两种主要柑橘砧木(酸橙和沃尔卡默柠檬)的生长参数,包括芽和根的长度以及生物量。与不施菌根的植物相比,它降低了两种根茎的柑橘线虫感染率。当植株预先接种 F. mosseae 时,线虫感染的降低率最高,而在 F. mosseae 之前接种线虫时,线虫感染的降低率最低。然而,当线虫接种在真菌之前时,与只接种线虫的植物相比,真菌仍能减轻线虫感染的负面影响。这表明,接种的时机对 F. mosseae 减少线虫感染的效果起着至关重要的作用。此外,对参与系统获得性抗性(SAR)的苯丙氨酸氨解酶(PAL)和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶这两个基因的表达进行的监测表明,虽然与非菌根植物相比,菌根植物中这两个基因的表达显著上调,但在接种线虫之前用真菌对植物进行预处理时,这两个基因的表达量最高,这表明植物已经做好了接种准备。总之,F. mosseae 触发了参与 SAR 的防御相关基因,增强了植物的防御能力,提高了柑橘根茎的生长参数,这对农业生产具有重要意义。
Funneliformis mosseae potentiates defense mechanisms of citrus rootstocks against citrus nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans.
Using integrated pest management without relying on chemical pesticides is one of the most attractive approaches to controlling plant pathogens. Among them, using resistant cultivars or rootstocks against diseases in combination with beneficial microorganisms has attracted special attention. The citrus nematode is one of the major constraints of citrus cultivation worldwide. We showed that the mycorrhizal arbuscular fungus, Funneliformis mosseae, increased growth parameters including shoot and root length and biomass of two main rootstocks of citrus, sour orange and Volkamer lemon, in noninfected and infected plants with citrus nematode. It decreased the infection rate by citrus nematode in both rootstocks compared with nonmycorrhizal plants. The rate of decrease in nematode infection was highest when plants were pre-inoculated with F. mosseae and was lowest when nematode was inoculated before F. mosseae. However, when nematode was inoculated before the fungus, the fungus was still able to mitigate the negative effect of infection by nematode compared with plants inoculated with nematode only. This suggests that the timing of inoculation plays a crucial role in the effectiveness of F. mosseae in reducing nematode infection. Moreover, monitoring of the expression of two genes, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and β-1,3-glucanase, which are involved in systemic-acquired resistance (SAR) showed that although they were significantly upregulated in mycorrhizal plants compared with nonmycorrhizal plants, they showed the highest expression when plants were pretreated with fungus before nematode inoculation, thus, indicating that plants were primed. In summary, F. mosseae primes the defense-related genes involved in SAR, increasing plant defensive capacity and boosting growth parameters in citrus rootstock. This has important implications for the agricultural industry.
期刊介绍:
Tree Physiology promotes research in a framework of hierarchically organized systems, measuring insight by the ability to link adjacent layers: thus, investigated tree physiology phenomenon should seek mechanistic explanation in finer-scale phenomena as well as seek significance in larger scale phenomena (Passioura 1979). A phenomenon not linked downscale is merely descriptive; an observation not linked upscale, might be trivial. Physiologists often refer qualitatively to processes at finer or coarser scale than the scale of their observation, and studies formally directed at three, or even two adjacent scales are rare. To emphasize the importance of relating mechanisms to coarser scale function, Tree Physiology will highlight papers doing so particularly well as feature papers.