从中央集权到地方分权:肯尼亚森林政策的演变及其对红树林管理的影响

IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS Forest Policy and Economics Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI:10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103290
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引用次数: 0

摘要

迄今为止,已经对林业权力下放问题进行了广泛的研究。然而,这些研究中缺少的是对权力下放政策在时间和空间上的意义建构和解释。根据政策安排方法的四个维度--规则、话语、参与者和权力,我们分析了肯尼亚森林政策的演变及其对红树林管理的影响--红树林是一种迄今为止很少受到研究关注的森林类型。我们通过对政策文件、档案和同行评审信息的案头审查以及 33 次半结构式访谈收集数据。研究结果表明,向分散式森林管理的转变面临着相互对立的论调--红树林取之不尽,用之不竭;通过限制使用权来保护森林;商业化表面上是为了支持资源保护和使用技术论据(如要求社区在获得使用权之前制定管理计划)。在这些论述的指导下,中央行为者设计并实施了促进红树林商业采伐的规则,使当地社区边缘化,同时巩固了国家对红树林的支配和控制。我们的研究结果表明,可以通过加强对参与式森林管理的 "共同 "理解来提高分散的森林治理能力。要做到这一点,就必须从自上而下制定规则的制度转变为由当地社区和其他利益相关者参与的协商制度。还需要改变负责森林管理的机构(如 KFS)内部围绕红树林的论述,并赋予当地社区管理红树林资源的权力。这项工作可以为制定红树林管理政策提供有益的启示。
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From centralization to decentralization: Evolution of forest policies and their implications on mangrove management in Kenya

Extensive research in forestry decentralization has been carried out to date. However, what is missing from these accounts is the constructions of meaning and interpretations of decentralization policies across time and space. Drawing upon the policy arrangement approach's four dimensions – rules, discourse, actors and power, we analyse the evolution of forest policies in Kenya and their implications on management of mangroves – a forest type that has received little research attention to date. Data were collected using a desk review of policy documents, archival and peer reviewed information complimented with 33 semi-structured interviews. The findings show that the shift to decentralized forest management has faced opposing discourses – inexhaustibility of mangroves, forest protection through restricted access, commercialization ostensibly to support resource conservation and use of technical arguments (such as requirement for communities to develop management plan before accessing use rights). Guided by these discourses central actors designed and implemented rules that promoted commercial harvesting of mangroves, marginalized local communities while entrenching state domination and control over mangrove forests. Our findings suggest that decentralized forest governance capacity can be improved by increasing the ‘common’ understanding of participatory forest management. This can be achieved by changing from a top-down system of creating rules to a negotiated system involving local communities and other stakeholders. There is also need to change the discourses surrounding mangroves within agencies charged with forest management such as KFS and empowering local communities to manage mangrove resources. This work can provide insights useful in designing mangrove management policies.

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来源期刊
Forest Policy and Economics
Forest Policy and Economics 农林科学-林学
CiteScore
9.00
自引率
7.50%
发文量
148
审稿时长
21.9 weeks
期刊介绍: Forest Policy and Economics is a leading scientific journal that publishes peer-reviewed policy and economics research relating to forests, forested landscapes, forest-related industries, and other forest-relevant land uses. It also welcomes contributions from other social sciences and humanities perspectives that make clear theoretical, conceptual and methodological contributions to the existing state-of-the-art literature on forests and related land use systems. These disciplines include, but are not limited to, sociology, anthropology, human geography, history, jurisprudence, planning, development studies, and psychology research on forests. Forest Policy and Economics is global in scope and publishes multiple article types of high scientific standard. Acceptance for publication is subject to a double-blind peer-review process.
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